\^?    ^  •  \Za 


CONNECTICUT 


C..  o  N  ■ 


ilGRlCULTORAI  EXPERIMENT  STATI 


NEV^^     HAVEN,    CONN. 


BULLETIN    130,  JANUARY,    1900. 


Commercial  Feeding  Stuffs  in  the  Connecticut 

Market. 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Notice  as  to  Bulletins  and  Reports 2 

Commercial  Feeding  Stuffs 3 

Uses  of  Commercial  Feeding  Stuffs 3 

Average  Composition  of  Commercial  Feeding  Stuffs 6 

Anal3'ses  of  the  Commercial  Feeds  found  in  the  Conn.  Market 6 

Cotton  Seed  Meal .-. 9 

Linseed  Meal 10 

Wheat  Feeds 11 

Corn    Meal 14 

Gluten  Meal  and  Gluten  Feed 14 

Hominy  Chops -. 17 

Ground  Oats 17 

Provender 17 

Oat  Feeds,  Corn  and  Oats,  Corn,  Oats  and  Barley 18 

Other  Mixed  Feeds _ 19 

Rye  Bran  and  Rye  Feed 20 

Miscellaneous  Feeds 20 

Summary 40 


CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 


Notice  as  to  Bulletins. 

The  Bulletins  of-  this  Station  are  mailed  free  to  citizens  of 
Connecticut  who  apply  for  them,  and  to  others  as  far  as  the 
limited  editions  permit. 

Applications  should  be  renewed  annually  before  January  ist. 

The  matter  of  all  the  Bulletins  of  this  Station,  in  so  far  as  it 
is  new  or  of  permanent  value,  will  be  made  part  of  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Station  Staff. 

All  Bulletins  earlier  than  No.  71  and  Nos.  72,  83,  86,  93,  100, 
loi,  102,  105,  106,  III,  118  and  123  are  exhausted  and  cannot 
be  supplied. 

Notice  as  to  Supply  of  Station  Reports. 

The  Station  has  no  supply  of  its  Annual  Reports  for  the  years 
1877,  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881,  1882,  1883,  1887,  1891,  1893 
(Pt.  II.),  1894  (Pt.  I.),  and  1895  (Pts.  I.  and  II.). 

The  Annual  Report  of  this  Station,  printed  at  State  expense, 
is  by  law  limited  to  an  edition  of  7,000  copies. 

After  exchanging  with  other  Experiment  Stations  and  Agri- 
cultural Journals,  the  Reports  remaining  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Station  will  be  sent  to  citizens  of  Connecticut  who  shall  season- 
ably apply  for  them,  and  to  others  as  long  as  the  supply  lasts. 

Former  Reports  Wanted. 

There  is  frequent  call  for  our  earlier  Annual  Reports  on  the 
part  of  public  libraries,  students,  chemists,  naturalists,  and 
station  workers. 

Persons  who  can  supply  copies  of  Reports  of  this  Station  for 
any  of  the  years  above  named,  will  be  likely  to  find  purchasers 
by  communicating  with  the  Director. 


j  USES    OF    COMMERCIAL    FEEDING   STUFFS.  3 

COMMERCIAL  FEEDING  STUFFS.* 

A  public  Act  of  the  State  of  Connecticut  approved  June  20, 
1899,  and  taking  effect  July  i,  1899,  authorizes  this  Station  to 
collect  samples  not  exceeding  two  pounds  in  weight,  for  anal- 
ysis, from  any  lot,  parcel  or  package  of  concentrated  com- 
mercial feeding  stuff  which  may  be  in  the  possession  of  any 
manufacturer,  importer,  agent  or  dealer. 

The  manner  of  taking  the  samples  is  prescribed  by  law. 

The  Station  is  required  to  analyze  at  least  one  sample  of  each 
brand  thus  collected  annually.  It  is  also  required  to  publish 
analyses  of  these  feeds  in  Station  Bulletins,  "together  with  such 
other  additional  information  in  relation  to  the  character,  com- 
position and  use  thereof  as  may  seem  to  be  of  importance,  and 
issue  the  same  annually,  or  more  frequently  if  deemed  advisable." 

USE   OF   COMMERCIAL   FEEDING   STUFFS.f 

Commercial  Feeding  Stuffs  are  bought  to  supply  certain  defi- 
ciencies in  the  cattle  food  which  is  raised  upon  the  farm. 

Hay,  corn  fodder,  ensilage  and  stover  with  corn  meal,  raised 
at  home,  form  the  basis  and  make  up  the  bulk  of  the  cattle 
food  and  supply  all  of  the  coarse  feed  and  of  the  starch,  sugar 
and  fat  which  are  required.  They  are,  however,  deficient  in 
digestible  protein. $ 


*The  microscopic  work  referred  to  in  this  paper  was  wholly  done 
by  A.  L.  Winton.  The  chemical  analyses  were  mostly  made  by  A.  W. 
Ogden,  W.  L.  Mitchell  and  Clifford  Langley.  The  discussion  of  the 
results  is  by  E.   H.  Jenkins. 

f  Reproduced  in  amended  form  from  Bulletin  No.   128. 

t  Protein  is  the  name  now  commonly  given  to  a  class  of  substances 
(also  termed  "proteids"  or  "albuminoids")  of  which  the  muscles,  brain, 
nerves,  tendons  and  all  other  working  or  necessary  organs  and  parts 
of  the  animal  body  largely  and  essentially  consist.  Protein  contains 
from  14  to  19  per  cent,  of  nitrogen. 

The  white  of  eggs,  the  fiber  of  lean  beef,  the  clot  of  blood,  the  curd 
of  milk  and  the  gluten  of  wheat  are  familiar  examples  of  protein. 
Other  similar  matters  are  found  in  all  animals  and  in  all  plants. 

The  animal  cannot  grow  or  long  exist  without  constantly  renewed 
supplies  of  protein  in  its  food.  The  animal  itself  is  totally  unable  to 
create  protein.  Only  plants  can  originate  protein,  which  they  do  from 
the  plant-food  of  air,  soil  and  fertilizers  or  manures.  Animals  can 
produce  or  create  blood-protein,  brain-protein,  flesh-protein  and  milk- 
protein,  but  only  by  appropriating  and  transforming  or  making  over 
the  similar  but  different  protein  of  plants. 

Other  needful  food-substances  or  nutrients,  such  as  cellulose  (woody 
fiber),  starch,  sugars,  gums,  pentosans  (that  yield  gums  and  jellies), 
acids  and  fats  or  fat  oils,  contain  no  nitrogen  and  collectively  are 
commonly  termed  "non-nitrogenous  matters";  we  shall  usually  desig- 
nate them  as  "non-protein." 


4  CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Few  farmers  are  now  raising  as  much  protein,  in  concentrated 
form,  as  is  required  to  bring  cattle  up  to  and  maintain  them  in 
the  most  profitable  condition.  Two  chief  defects  in  our  present 
farm  management  are  that  little  care  is  given  to  the  raising  of 
crops  rich  in  protein  and  that,  as  a  rule,  insufftcient  protein  goes 
into  the  food  of  our  cattle. 

If  the  quantity  of  digestible  protein  in  the  food  is  too  small, 
the  animals  produce  less  beef  or  milk  than  they  easily  would 
with  a  proper  supply  of  protein.  Furthermore,  when  protein  is 
deficient,  the  other  (non-nitrogenous)  matters  of  the  ration  are 
in  excess  of  the  animal's  capacity  for  assimilating  them  and  are 
therefore  to  some  extent  wasted.  The  latter  (starch,  sugar, 
etc.)  in  part  pass  through  the  body,  incompletely  digested  and— 
unlike  the  protein — give  little  value  to  the  manure. 

To  meet  and  overcome  these  defects  in  home-grown  cattle 
food,  dairymen  and  keepers  of  live-stock  buy  commercial  feeds ; 
they  should  buy  them  chiefly  with  the  purpose  of  getting  digesti- 
ble protein  in  cheap  and  concentrated  forms. 

A  feed  rich  in  digestible  protein  is,  when  properly  used, 
"milk-producing" ;  a  feed  rather  poor  in  protein,  however 
highly  endorsed,  cannot  prove  permanently  satisfactory,  or  be 
a  "milk  producer"  in  any  way  superior  to  home-raised  coarse 
feed  and  corn  meal. 

Every  farm  on  which  cattle  are  kept  for  profit  should  yield 
all  the  hay,  corn  fodder,  corn  ensilage,  corn  stover  and  corn 
meal  which  the  live  stock  on  it  need  to  eat. 

One  hundred  pounds  of  each  of  the  feeds  just  named  contain, 
on  the  average,  the  following  quantities  of  digestible  nutrients 
or  elements  of  food : 

Table  I. — Quantities  of  Digestible  Nutrients  in  One  Hundred 
Pounds  of  the  Feeds  Named. 

(From  Armsby,  Penn.  Ag'l  Ex.  Sta.  Rep.,  1897-98,  p.  45.) 

Red  Top    Corn  Fodder  Corn  Stover      Corn  Corn 

Hay.         Field-cured.   Field-cured.  Ensilage.  Meal. 

Total    dry    matter 91. i  57.8  59.9  27.9  85.0 

Digestible  protein 4.8  2.5  2.0  i.i  5-5 

Digestible  non-protein*.  .  49.2  36.1  34.8  1&.2  71. 1 
Ratio  of  digestible  protein 

to  digestible  non-protein, 

("Nutritive  Ratio") 1:10.3  1:144  i:i7-4  1:16.5  1:12.9 


*Since  fat  is  believed  to  have  about  2j4  times  the  nutritive  effect  of 
starch  and  similar  non-nitrogenous  matters,  the  digestible  fat  is,  in 
these  calculations,  reduced  to  its  "starch  equivalent"  by  multiplying 
by  2.14. 


USES    OF    COMMERCIAL   FEEDING   STUFFS.  5 

Observation  and  careful  experiment  have  shown  that  milk 
cows  need,  per  day  and  per  i,ooo  pounds  of  live  weight,  about 
24  pounds  of  dry  matter  including  2  to  2^  pounds  of  digestible 
protein  and  from  135^  to  15  pounds  of  digestible  non-protein 
(sugar,  starch,  fat,  etc.),  and  that  the  quantity  of  digestible 
non-protein  in  this  standard  ration  should  be  between  five  and 
one-half  and  seven  times  as  great  as  the  digestible  protein. 

Now  a  glance  at  the  table  above  shows  that  no  one  of  these 
staple  farm  products,  nor  any  combination  of  them,  can  furnish 
the  most  profitable  cattle  food. 

All  of  them  have  from  ten  to  seventeen  times  as  much  non- 
protein as  protein,  and  hence  a  properly  balanced  ration  can- 
not be  made  up  from  them  without  adding  some  feed  much 
richer  in  protein  and  poorer  in  non-protein  than  any  one  of  them. 

Feeds  rich  in  protein  are  what  the  stock  owner  most  commonly 
needs  to  buy,  and  they  are  the  ones  the  purchase  of  which  is 
most  likely  to  be  profitable.  All  feeds  contain  non-nitrogenous 
matters,  starch,  sugar,  etc.,  but  those  best  worth  buying  should 
have  a  considerably  larger  proportion  of  protein  than  any  which 
are  commonly  raised  on  the  farm. 

In  the  preparation  of  vegetable  foods  for  human  consumption 
and  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  seed  and  linseed  oils,  certain 
by-products  are  produced,  unfit  for  human  food,  but  rich  in 
protein  and  valuable  as  feed  for  horses  and  cattle.  There  are 
also  certain  other  products  which  are  of  very  little  value  as 
cattle  food  because  of  the  small  amount  of  protein  in  them, 
or  they  are  uneconomical  to  buy,  because  they  contain  no  larger 
proportion  of  protein  than  corn  meal  which  is  raised  on  the 
farm. 

Both  kinds  of  by-products  are  now  offered  for  sale,  frequently 
without  an  analysis  or  other  statement  to  inform  the  buyer  as 
to  the  real  nature  or  value  of  what  he  is  purchasing,  and  in 
consequence  a  good  deal  of  money  is  spent  for  cattle  feeds 
uneconomicallv. 


6  CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

THE    AVERAGE    COMPOSITION    OF    COMMERCIAL 
FEEDING   STUFFS. 

In  order  to  show  the  average  composition  of  the  various 
brands  of  feeding  stuffs  which  are  at  present  offered  in  the 
New  England  market  as  well  as  the  range  or  variation  of 
composition,  Table  I  has  been  prepared.  This  includes  the 
analyses,  more  than  i,6oo  in  number,  which  have  been  pub- 
lished since  May,  1898,  in  Bulletins  44,  47,  48  and  51  of  thei 
Maine  Station,  in  Bulletins  53  and  56  of  the  Massachusetts 
Station  and  in  Table  II  of  this  Bulletin. 

Table  I  gives  the  number  of  analyses  on  which  each  average 
is  based,  the  average  percentages  of  protein  and  fat,  and  the 
highest  and  lowest  percentages  of  each  of  these  ingredients 
found  in  any  single  analysis. 

In  a  few  instances,  where  the  figures  found  in  a  single 
analysis  were  such  as  to  make  it  quite  certain  that  the  sample 
Avas  adulterated  or  was  not  of  the  kind  represented,  they  have 
been  excluded  from  the  average  and  from  the  minimum  figures. 

In  some  cases,  not  only  is  the  lowest  percentage  of  protein 
and  fat  given,  but  also  the  one  or  two  percentages  which  stand 
next;  for  sometimes,  among  a  large  number  of  analyses,  there 
is  a  single  result  very  much  lower  than  any  other,  which 
marks  an  extremely  exceptional  case. 

ANALYSES  OF  THE  COMMERCIAL  FEEDS   FOUND 
IN    THE    CONNECTICUT    MARKET    IN    1899. 

During  the  year  ending  Nov.  ist,  1899,  the  Station  has  drawn 
two  hundred  and  forty-one  samples  of  commercial  feeding 
stuffs  and  in  conformity  with  law  gives  the  results  of  their 
examination  in  Table  II,  pages  22  to  39  of  this  Bulletin. 

The  law  prescribes  that  the  analysis  "shall  include  deter- 
minations of  crude  fat  and  crude  protein  and  such  other  deter- 
minations as  may  at  any  time  be  deemed  advisable." 

The  analyses  here  reported  include  determinations  of  mois- 
ture, ash,  fiber  and  nitrogen-free  extract,  in  addition  to  protein 
and  fat.  Many  of  the  feeds  have  also  been  examined  carefully 
with  the  microscope  to  determine  what  materials  if  any  were 
present  other  than  those  named  in  the  brand  or  label. 

These  feeds  are  classified  as  follows  and  are  discussed  in 
following  pages  in  the  order  here  given  (see  page  9)  : 


AVERAGE    COMPOSITION    OF    COMMERCIAL   FEEDS. 


7 


Table  I. — Average  Composition  of  Feeds  as  determined  by  Analyses 
MADE  IN  the    New  England    States,  later    than  May,  1898,  and 

COMPILED   BY   THE   CONN.   AGRICULTURAL   STATION,   NeW   HaVEN, 

Conn.,  Jan.   i,   1900. 


Cotton  Seed  Meal,  hulled,  all  analyses 

I  "  "         Southern  Cotton  Oil  Go's 

"  "         Amer.  Cotton  Oil  Co's 

"  "         Sea  Island,  unhuUed.. -. 

Linseed  Meal,  New  Process _ 

"  "  "  Amer.  Linseed  Co's 

"  "       Old  Process,  all  analyses 

"  "  "  Nat'l  Linseed  Oil  Co's 

Wheat  Bran,  all  analyses 

"  "      from  Winter  Wheat 

"  "      from  Spring  Wheat 

Wheat  Middlings,  all  analyses 

"  "  from  Winter  Wheat 

"  "  Spring  Wheat - 

Mixed  Wheat  Feed,  all  analyses 

"  '■      from  Winter  Wheat 

"  "      from  Spring  Wheat 

Red  Dog  Flour 

Corn  Meal 

Atlantic  Gluten  Meal,  Atlantic  Starch  Works 

Chicago  Gluten  Meal,  Glucose  Sugar  Rfg.  Co 


205 

33 

46 

8 

31 

23 

25 

II 

120 

45 

53 

135 

20 

60 

2ig 

88 

60 


45-4 


45-3 
45-5 
26.8 
38.2 

38.S 


52.6 

51-9 
51.2 
48.3 
50.8 
36.1; 

42.2, 
42.21 


35.7!    38.9 


37-2   38.9 


15.8 
15.5 

16.1 
17.0 
16.0 
18.8 


16.6 
16.2 


i7-3i 


19-3 
95 


48.9 
36.7 


40.3 
41.2 

41-7 
41.4 
40.3 
24.4 

34-6 
36.8 
34-6 
36.8 
31.8 
31.8 

35-1 
36.1 


17.9!  13-6 

17. 8j  13.9 

17.81  13.6 

17.4  13-9 
17-3 


17-5 
17.5 
22.2 
21.9 

17.9 
17.8 
22.2 
21.9 


19.8 
18.9 

21.2 

10.8 


49.1 
41.3 


I5-I 
15. 1 
12.4 

131 
12.4 

I3-I 
16.0 
16.5 


21.51  16.6 
20.0I  14.0 
18.5  13-8 
14.0 
14.5 
15.6 
15.8 
16.2 
16.5 
8.6 
8.9 
9.0 
48.8 
31-7 


10.7 

II. 4 

7.0 

2.4 

2.2 

7.2 

6.7 

4.7 
4.4 

4.9 

S-o 
4.8 

5-2 


4-7 
4-5 


4.9 


4.4 
4.0 


7.9 
2.7 


17.0 

I3-I 

12.2 

8.2 

3-5 

3-5 
9.6 

9.6 

5.6 
5.6 


5.6 
5-3 
7-1 
7-1 
5-1 
5-0 
7-1 
5-9 

5.8 
5-4 
5-3 
5-2 
5-5 
5-4 

5-3 
4-7 


2.0 

7.6 


6.5 


9.1 
8.8 
5.8 
1.8 
2.1 
1.9 
2.1 
2-7 
4-7 
6.3 
2.7 
5.8 
5-9 
3-5 
3-9 
3-5 
3-9 

4-4 
4-5 
2.6 
2.6 
4-4 
4.8 
3.3 
3-4 
3-7 
3-6 
3-6 
3.9 
3-9 
3.8 
4.3 
4-4 
3-4 
2.7 
3-1 

1-7 
1-4 
1.6 

1-7 


8  CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  I. — Average  Composition  of  Feeds  as  determined  by  Analyses 
MADE  IN  the   New  England    States,  later    than  May,  1898,  and 

COMPILED      BY      THE      CONN.      AGRICULTURAL      STATION,      NeW      HaVEN, 

Conn.,  Jan.   i,  1900 — Continued. 


Cream  Gluten,  Chas.  Pope  Glucose  Co 

Buffalo  Gluten  Feed  — - 

Diamond  Gluten -- 

Golden  Gluten 

Hominy  Chops,  White  Meal 

Ground  Oats 

Provender 

Corn  and  Oat  Feed,  Victor  Am.  Cereal  Co... 

"  "  Various  brands 

Oat  Feed,  Crescent 

"  Quaker,  Am.  Cereal  Co.* 

"  Various  brands 

Catena 

Corn,  Oats  and  Barley  Feed,  American  Cereal  Co 
H.  O.  Co.'s  Dairy  Feed 

"         "      Horse  Feed 

"         "      Poultry  Feed 

Am.  Cereal  Co.'s  Quaker  Dairy  Feed 

"  "     Am.  Poultry  Food- 

Blatchford's  Calf  Meal 

Rye  Bran ._ 

King  Gluten,  Des  Moines  Mill 

"  "         Indianapolis  Mill 


1 

Pe 

c 

< 

aj 

bjO 

0 

L. 

0 

Z 

<! 

40 

34.1 

34 

27-5 

30 

23.6 

15 

27,0 

20 

II. 2 

3 

II. 0 

22 

9.4 

26 

9.2 

17 

9-5 

3 

7-9 

3b 

10.3 

16 

9-3 

I 

9.4 

6 

11.9 

20 

19.0 

18 

12.4 

14 

17.5 

5 

12.8 

8 

14.2 

3 

27.7 

4 

14.6 

39 

32.9 

ID 

34-6 

41-3 
41.2 

38.9 
29.6 

29.5 
29.0 
30.1 
27.0 
25.8 
296;   23.6 


30.1 
30.9 
3I-0 
25-3 
26.3 

20.3 


12.0 
11.8 
11.6 

13-7 
10.8 
10.6 
10.5 

II-3 
12.3 
8.6 
12.8 
12.4 
11.7 
12.6 

12.8 
21.2 
20.9 
20.6 
13.8 
13-7 
13-3 
195 
18.3 
17.8 
14.1 
15-5 
33-4 
14.8 

37-1 
37-3 


10.3 
10.7 
lo.g 

8.3 
7-9 
8.2 

8.3 
9-5 
8.2 

7-3 

74 
7.8 

7-9 
4.4 

II-3 
15-5 
16.5 
17.1 

II.O 

II. I 
II. 7 
15.0 
167 
17.1 
II.3 
134 
24.8 

14.3 
26.4 
299 
32.1 


. 

bo 

« 

Ifl 

A 

4» 

bjO 

> 

< 

.3 

3-2 

6.1 

1.6 

54 

1.7 

4-9 

1.8 

3-1 

4.7 

2.3 

■4.3 

2.3 
2.5 

3.0 

5-0 

2.3 

44 

2.8 
2.8 

3.0 

4,0 

2.0 

34 

2.1 

7.8 

9-7 

4.0 

9-5 

5-1 

9-3 

5-» 

4.0 

5-0 

3-2 

3.« 

54 

2.9 

4.8 

3-1 

4-5 

3-2 

3.9 

5-1 

2.9 

3.7 

7-1 

2.7 

3-3 

3-7 

3-0 

3.4 

4-3 

2.6 

4-3 

2.7 

4.1 

2.8 

4.2 

8.8 

1-5 

4-3 



.... 

4-5 

54 

4.0 

4.4 

54 

3-7 

5.0 

3.8 
3.8 

4.2 

4.8 

3.6 

4-5 

3-8 

44 

3.8 

S-S 

b.o 

4-7 

5-1 

4.8 

5-9 

4.8 

3.9 

44 

3-5 

5-4 

5-9 

4.8 

4.B 

5-2 

44 

2.8 

2.9 

2.7 

15-4 

19.8 

11.7 

4.8 

6.9 

2.7 

*  The  American  Cereal  Co.'s  Quaker  Oat  Feed  is  no  longer  made,  being  superseded 
by  Dairy  Quaker  Feed. 


ANALYSES   OF    COMMERCIAL   FEEDS.  9 

No.  of  Samples 
'  Examined. 

Cotton  Seed  Meal 10 

Linseed  or  Flax-seed  Meal 12 

Ground  Wheat  i 

Bran,  from  Winter  Wheat  7    ■ 

Spring  Wheat 9 

Unclassified  5 

Middlings,  from  Winter  Wheat i 

Spring  Wheat  6 

Unclassified  17 

Mixed  (Wheat)  Feed,  from  Winter  Wheat 15 

Spring  Wheat 7 

Unclassified  25 

Corn  Meal  9 

Gluten,  Gluten  Meal,  Gluten  Feed: 

Atlantic  Gluten   2 

Chicago  Gluten   5 

Pope   Gluten    4 

King  Gluten 2 

Buffalo  Gluten  Feed 6 

Diamond  Gluten 2 

National  Starch  Co.'s  Gluten  Feed 2 

Miscellaneous   6 

Hominy  Chops  8 

Ground  Oats 2 

Provender    13 

Corn  and  Oat  Feed  6 

Oat  Feeds   14 

Oat  Chaff i 

Corn,  Oats  and  Barley  2 

Rye  Bran  and  Rye  Feed  5 

Malt  Hulls I . 

Starch   Feeds    2 

Champion  Bell  Fodder  i 

H.  O.  Dairy  Feed 6 

Horse    Feed    9 

Poultry   Feed   3 

American  Cereal  Co.'s  Quaker  Dairy  Feed 5 

Poultry  Feed 

BJatchford's  Calf  Meal   

Pioneer   Clover  Meal    

Carob  Beans  

Pods    

Beans  and  Pods 

Baum's  Horse  and  Stock  Food 

Bowker's  Animal  Meal  

Lederer's  Chicken  Food    

Beef  Scraps 

241 

Cotton  Seed  Meal. 

After  removing  the  cotton  fiber  by  machinery  as  far  as  possi- 
ble, the  black  outer  covering'  or  "hull"  of  the  cotton  seed  is 
broken  off  by  machinery  and  separated  from  the  yellow  kernels 
or  meats.  These  kernels  are  cooked  and  while  still  hot  are  sub- 
jected to  hydraulic  pressure,  which  removes  a  part  of  the  oil 
2 


lO         CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

and  leaves  the  residue,  "cotton  seed  cake/'  in  very  hard  plates 
or  sheets  which  can  be  cut  with  a  saw  like  boards.  These  cakes 
when  broken  and  finely  ground  make  the  "cotton  seed  meal" 
of  the  feed  market:  the  most  concentrated  cattle  food  which 
is  in  general  use. 

In  the  ten  samples  examined,  the  analyses  of  which  appear 
in  the  table,  page  22,  no  admixture  of  foreign  matters  was  found 
and  all  were  of  good  quality  as  regards  chemical  composition, 
the  percentage  of  protein  ranging  from  49.38  to  44.20  and  of  fat 
from  12.96  to  8.55. 

The  average  of  many  recent  analyses  of  cotton  seed  meal 
gives  45.4  per  cent,  of  protein  and  11.2  per  cent,  of  fat,  while 
these  ten  samples  contain  on  the  average  46.4  per  cent,  of  pro- 
tein and  10.4  per  cent,  of  fat. 

Undecorticated  cotton  seed  meal,  full  of  black  hulls  and  with 
only  30  per  cent,  of  protein,  and  cotton  seed  meal  adulter- 
ated with  rice  refuse,  have  been  found  in  this  State  in  times 
past.  At  present  much  more  cotton  seed  meal  is  used  in  Con- 
necticut as  a  fertilizer, — chiefly  for  tobacco, — than  as  a  feed,  and 
the  frequent  publication  of  analyses  made  in  the  interest  of 
tobacco  growers  has  driven  out  the  inferior  grades  of  cotton 
seed  meal. 

Guarantees. 
Three  of  the  samples  were  from  lots  having  a  guaranteed 
analysis.     The  guaranteed  and  actual  percentages  of  protein  and 
fat  in  these  cases  were  as  follows : 


1 

Found. 

Protein. 

Guaranteed. 

Fat. 
Found.       Guaranteed. 

45-9 
44.2 

44-7 

43-48 

43 

43 

9.0               10-14 

12.8             9 
9.6            9 

12125  Dixie  Bran 45.9 

12126  Chapin  &  Co 44.2 

12132    J.  E.  Soper  &  Co. 

In  neither  case  is  there  any  deficiency  of  protein.  In  one 
case  there  is  a  per  cent,  less  of  fat  than  is  guaranteed,  but  the 
protein  in  this  sample  is  nearly  three  per  cent,  above  the 
guarantee. 

Linseed  Meal. 
For  removing  the  oil  from  flaxseed  or  linseed  two  methods 
are  employed.  Under  the  "old  process"  the  crushed  seed, 
while  warm,  is  subjected  to  hydraulic  pressure  which  squeezes 
out  much  of  the  oil.  The  residue  is  in  the  form  of  hard  cakes 
which  when  broken  and  ground  make  the  "old  process  linseed 


LINSEED   MEAL.  I  I 

meal."  Under  the  "new  process''  the  oil  is  removed  from  the 
crushed  seed  by  a  solvent,  like  benzine,  which  is  afterwards  fully 
removed  from  the  residue  by  steaming.  The  extracted  residue 
is  "new  process"  meal. 

Practically  all  the  flax  seed  on  the  feed  market  has  been 
treated  by  one  or  other  of  these  processes.  New  process  lin- 
seed meal  contains  on  the  average  two  and  a  half  per  cent, 
more  of  protein  and  four  and  three-quarters  per  cent,  less 
of  oil  or  "fat"  than  old  process  meal. 

Of  the  twelve  samples  examined  none  were  found  in  any 
way  adulterated. 

Samples  12156  and  12074  (though  labeled  "old  process")  and 
samples  12088  and  11567  are  new  process  meals,  as  is  indicated 
by  the  low  percentage  of  fat. 

Samples  11385,  11381  and  11 585  are  inferior,  because  of  their 
low  percentages  of  protein. 

Wheat  Feeds. 

These  are  by-products  in  the  manufacture  of  wheat  flour. 
Several  different  processes  of  milling  are  in  common  use  yield- 
ing by-products  which  are  not  entirely  alike  in  composition. 
There  are  also  differences  in  composition  between  the  products 
from  winter  wheat  and  those  from  spring  wheat. 

Wheat  Bran  consists  of  the  outer  layers  of  the  wheat  berry 
which  are  dark  in  color  and  do  not  easily  pulverize. 

Wheat  Middlings, — as  found  in  the  feed  market — ,  consist 
of  inner  layers  of  the  covering  of  the  berry,  which  are  lighter  in 
color  and  more  easily  pulverized  than  bran,  and  of  other  parts 
from  which  fine  white  flour  cannot  be  made.  Red  Dog  Flour 
is  the  poorest  grade  of  flour,  off  color  and  often  sold  as  a 
cattle  food. 

It  is  also  used  for  paste  and  in  making  "pancake  leather" — 
composed  of  leather  scraps  and  flour  paste,  compacted  by 
hydraulic  pressure,  stated  to  be  made  up  into  soles  for  children's 
shoes. 

Many  mills  do  not  sell  bran  and  middlings  separately,  but 
run  them  together  and  sell  the  product  as  "Mixed  Feed." 

Red  Dog  Flour  is  also  sometimes  run  in  to  the  Mixed  Feed. 

In  the  compilation  on  page  7  as  well  as  in  the  tabulation 
of  the  wheat  products  analyzed  at  this  Station,  which  appears 
on  pages  22  to  29,  the  product  from  the  following  mills  is 
classed  as  from  winter  wheat: 


12         CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 


Acme  Milling  Co.,  Indianapolis,   Ind. 

American  Cereal  Co.,  Chicago. 

Blish  Milling  Co.,  Seymour,  Ind. 

Cole,  H.  C,  Milling  Co.,  Chester,  Ills. 

Eldred  Mill  Co.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Evans,  Geo.  F.,  Hoosier  Mills,  Indian- 
apolis, Ind. 

Hannibal  Milling  Co.,  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Harter,  Isaac,  &  Co.,  Galena,  O. 

Holly  Milling  Co. 

Hunter  Bros.,  St.  Louis. 

Jenks,  J.,  &  Co.,  Sand  Beach,  Mich. 

Kehlor  Bros.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Lawrenceburg  Roller  Mills  Co.  "Snow- 
flake,"    Lawrenceburg,  Ind. 

Lexington  Roller  Mill  Co.,  Lexington, 
Ky. 


Maumee   Valley   Milling    Co.,    Defiance, 

Ohio. 
McDaniel  &  Pitman  Co.,  Franklin,  Ind. 
Meyer,  J.  T.  &  Co.,  Clinton,  Mo. 
Miles  &  Son,  Frankfort,  Ky. 
Model  Roller  Mills,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Moore,    R.    P.,    Milling   Co.,    Princeton, 

Ind. 
Rex  Milling  Co.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Saginaw  Milling  Co.,  Saginaw,  Mich. 
Stock,  F.  W.,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 
Stott's  Flour  Mills.  Detroit,  Mich. 
Taylor  Bros.  Milling  Co.,  Quincy,  111. 
Valley  City  Milling  Co.,  Grand  Rapids, 

Mich. 
Voigt  Milling  Co.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Walsh    De    Roo    Milling    Co.,    Holland, 

Mich. 


The  wheat  products  from  the  following  mills  are  classed  as 
from  spring  wheat : 


Anchor  Milling  Co.,  Superior,  Wis. 

Bay    State   Milling    Co.,    Winona,    Wis. 

Daisy  Roller  Mill  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Duluth  Imperial  Mill  Co.,  Duluth. 

Freeman  Milling  Co.,  Superior,  Wis. 

Grafton  Roller  Mills,  Grafton,  N.  D. 

Lake  Superior  Mills,  Superior,  Wis. 

Listman,  Wm.,  Milling  Co.,  Superior, 
Wis. 

Minkota  Milling   Co.,    Superior,   Wis. 

Moseley  &  Motley  Milling  Co.,  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y. 


North  Dakota  Milling  Association,  No. 

Dakota. 
North     Western     Consolidated    Milling 

Co.,  Minneapolis. 
Pillsbury- Washburn  Co.,  Minneapolis. 
Russell  &  Miller  Milling  Co.,  Superior, 

Wis. 
Star  &  Crescent  Milling  Co.,  Chicago. 
Washburn-Crosby  Co.,  Minneapolis. 
Whitney  &  Wilson,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


At  present,  winter  wheat  bran  is  worth  on  the  average  about 
seventy-five  cents  per  ton  more  than  spring  bran,  although  the 
latter  as  a  rule  contains  a  half  per  cent,  more  of  protein  and 
a  per  cent,  more  of  fat  than  the  former. 

But  white  winter  wheat  bran  (from  Michigan  or  Canada) 
sells  for  from  seventy-five  cents  to  a  dollar  per  ton  more  than 
the  common  red  wheat. 


WHEAT   FEEDS.  1 3 

Ground  Wheat. 

A  single  sample  was  analyzed  and  found  free  from  admixture 
with  foreign  matters. 

Wheat  Bran. 

Eight  samples  of  winter  wheat  bran  and  nine  of  spring  wheat 
bran  were  analyzed.  Regarding  four  others  it  is  not  known 
which  kind  of  wheat  they  represent.  In  none  of  them  was  there 
any  evidence  of  adulteration. 

All  the  winter  brans  contained  more  than  the  average  per- 
centage amounts  of  protein.  In  several  of  the  spring  brans 
the  percentage  of  protein  was  rather  low. 

Occasionally  "cheap"  bran  is  offered  for  several  dollars  a 
ton  below  the  regular  market  rates.  Such  "bargains"  are  to 
be  looked  upon  with  great  suspicion.  In  a  "cheap"  bran 
referred  to  us  from  another  State,  microscopic  examination 
showed  the  presence  of  finely  ground  corn  cobs. 

Middlings. 

Six  samples  of  spring  wheat  middlings,  one  of  winter  wheat 
middlings  and  seventeen  regarding  which  it  is  not  known 
whether  they  represent  winter  or  spring  wheat,  were  examined. 

Of  the  unclassified  middlings,  Nos.  12159,  12144  and  14012 
have  such  low  percentages  of  protein  and  the  two  former  such 
low  percentages  of  fat  as  well,  that  unless  they  were  sold  under 
a  guarantee  which  corresponded  with  their  actual  composition, 
or  at  a  reduced  price,  the  buyer  would  be  justified  in  objecting 
to  them. 

Some  sorts  of  middlings  closely  resemble  bran,  while  others 
are  very  fine  and  starchy,  having  much  the  look  and  composi- 
tion of  wheat  flour. 

They  also  show  a  wide  range  of  composition.  Thus  one  of 
the  samples  contained  over  twenty  per  cent,  of  protein,  while 
another  contained  less  than  thirteen.  The  price  is  practically 
the  same,  but  the  one  is  a  valuable  feed  and  the  other  is  un- 
economical to  buy  even  at  a  much  lower  price. 

As  a  rule  spring  wheat  middlings  contain  two  and  one-half 
per  cent,  more  of  protein  and  a  half  of  one  per  cent,  more 
of  fat  than  winter  wheat  middlings. 


14        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Mixed  {Wheat)  Feed. 

Nineteen  analyses  of  feed  from  winter  wheat  are  given  in 
the  table,  page  26,  nine  of  feed  from  spring  wheat  and  twenty 
of  feed  in  which  the  kind  of  wheat  is  not  specified. 

Of  the  winter  wheat  feeds  all  are  of  good  quality,  a  single 
one,  12802,  being  deficient  in  fat. 

Of  the  spring  wheat  feeds  two,  12 105  and  12803,  are  rather 
low  in  protein,  but  all  appear  to  be  genuine  wheat  products  free 
from  adulteration. 

The  same  is  true  of  the  twenty-five  samples  of  feed  in  which 
the  kind  of  wheat  is  not  specified. 

Mixed  feed  from  spring  wheat  contains  as  a  rule  about  eight- 
tenths  per  cent,  more  of  protein  and  three-tenths  per  cent,  more 
of  fat  than  that  from  winter  wheat. 

Corn   Meal. 

In  the  table  on  page  28  to  30  are  given  nine  analyses  of  this 
article  which  show  the  usual  range  of  composition.  They  were 
all  free  from  admixture  with  cobs  or  oher  adulterant. 

We  have  already  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  while  corn 
meal  raised  on  the  farm  may  be  used  in  a  ration,  it  has  to  be 
supplemented  by  more  nitrogenous,  more  "concentrated"  feeds. 
But  it  is  poor  economy  to  buy  corn  meal,  for  feeding  milch 
cows,  at  a  cost  of  $17  to  $19  per  ton,  when  wheat  feeds  and 
gluten  feeds,  which  are  much  richer  in  protein  and  much  more 
fit  to  balance  the  ration,  can  be  bought  at  just  about  the  same 
price  as  corn  meal. 

Old  crop  corn  meal  contains  from  ten  to  fourteen  per  cent. 
of  moisture.  New  crop  meal  may  contain  twenty  per  cent, 
or  more  of  moisture,  with  correspondingly  lower  percentages 
of  other  ingredients. 

GluteNj  Gluten  Meal,  Gluten  Feed. 

These  are  by-products  obtained  chiefly  in  the  manufacture  of 
glucose  and  corn  (or  wheat)  starch. 

The  process  used  for  separating  these  by-products  by  the 
Glucose  Sugar  Refining  Co.  of  Chicago,  at  all  its  factories, — 
Chicago,  Rockford  and  Peoria,  111.,  Davenport  and  Marshall- 


J 


GLUTEN.  1 5 

town,  Iowa,  may  be  outlined  as  follows :  The  corn,  after  soak- 
ing for  twelve  to  twenty-four  hours  in  warm  water  containing 
three-tenths  of  one  per  cent,  of  sulphurous  acid,  is  ground  with 
water  which  carries  off  the  mill  product  in  suspension.  By 
rightly  adjusting  the  amount  of  water  and  corn,  the  chits  or 
germs  separated  by  the  grinding  float  on  the  surface  and  are 
skimmed  off.  A  large  percentage  of  oil  may  be  removed  from 
these  chits  by  pressure  and  the  germ  cake  may  be  sold  by  itself 
or  in  mixture  as  a  cattle  food. 

After  separating  the  germs,  and  straining  to  remove  part  of 
the  starch,  the  residue  is  ground  once  more  and  again  passed 
over  sieves  which  retain  the  hull  or  husk  of  the  kernel.  This 
is  dried,  ground  and  sold  as  "corn  chop."  The  gluten  or  nitro- 
genous matter  of  the  kernel  and  the  starch  suspended  in  water 
which  have  passed  together  through  the  sieves  are  next  run 
with  water  over  settling  tables,  where  the  starch,  by  reason  of 
its  greater  specific  gravity,  settles  first  out  of  the  stream  of 
water  and  is  thus  separated  from  the  gluten.  The  gluten  is 
dried,  ground  and  sold  as  cattle  food  while  the  starch  alone 
is  used  in  the  factory.  It  will  be  seen  from  this  description  that 
no  chemical  is  used  in  this  process,  except  a  very  small  quantity 
of  sulphurous  acid  which  must  be  completely  washed  out  with 
the  large  quantities  of  wash  water  used. 

We  are  advised  that  the  methods  employed  by  the  Charles 
Pope  Glucose  Co.  and  by  the  National  Starch  Manufacturing 
Co.  in  extracting  these  feeds  are  essentially  like  those  used 
by  the  Glucose  Sugar  Refining  Co. 

On  pages  30  to  33  are  given  the  analyses  of  gluten  meal  and 
gluten  feed  which  have  been  lately  made  at  this  Station. 

Atlantic  Gluten  Meal,  made  by  the  Atlantic  Starch  Works, 
Westport,  Conn.,  is  derived  from  wheat,  being  a  by-product  in 
the  manufacture  of  wheat  starch,  and  contains  a  larger  per- 
centage of  protein  than  any  other  feed  in  our  markets. 

The  manufacturers  guarantee  38-40  per  cent,  of  protein  and 
the  two  samples  analyzed  contained  respectively  48.8  and  49.1 
per  cent,  with  1.70  and  2.04  per  cent,  of  fat. 

The  manufacturers  of  Chicago  Gluten  Meal  state  that  it  con- 
tains 36  per  cent,  of  protein  and  3.0  per  cent,  of  fat,  but  we  are 
informed  that  this  statement  refers  to  the  dry  matter  of  the 
meal. 


l6        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION^    BULLETIN    I30. 

The  lowest  percentage  of  protein  found  in  the  dry  matter  of 
any  sample  was  38.8  and  the  lowest  percentage  of  fat  1.95. 
But  the  sample  with  this  low  percentage  of  fat  contained  in  the 
dry  matter  43.8  per  cent,  of  protein,  nearly  seven  per  cent,  more 
of  protein  than  the  guarantee,  and  for  feeding  purposes  is  of 
course  worth  to  the  buyer  more  than  gluten  meal  which  con- 
tains the  exact  guaranteed  amounts  of  protein  and  fat.  The 
five  samples  of  Chicago  gluten  meal  contain  on  the  average 
12.32  per  cent,  of  water,  37.17  of  protein  and  2.5  of  fat:  or 
calculated  on  the  dry  matter  42.2  per  cent,  of  protein  and  2.85 
of  fat. 

Cream  Gluten  Meal,  made  by  the  Chas.  Pope  Glucose  Co. 
of  Chicago,  is  stated  by  the  manufacturers  to  contain  34.12- 
per  cent,  of  protein  and  3.20  of  fat.  In  the  four  samples 
examined  protein  ranges  from  32.12  to  35.37  per  cent,  and  fat 
from  1.70  to  3.78  per  cent.,  while  the  average  figures  were  33.91 
per  cent,  of  protein  and  2.44  per  cent,  of  fat;  nearly  two  per 
cent,  more  of  protein  and  a  half  per  cent,  less  of  fat  than  the 
guarantee. 

Ki7tg  Gluten  is  made  by  the  National  Starch  Manufacturing 
Co.  at  two  factories,  and  the  product  of  these  factories  is  quite 
unlike  in  composition. 

As  appears  in  the  table  on  page  30  the  product  of  the  Indian- 
apolis mill  contains  about  34.6  per  cent,  of  protein  and  4.8  per 
cent,  of  fat,  while  that  of  the  Des  Moines  mill  contains  32.9  per 
cent,  protein  and  15.3  per  cent.  fat.  Buyers  should  find  out, 
before  purchasing,  which  product  they  are  getting,  for  the  one 
brand  covers  two  very  different  feeds. 

Gluten  Feed.  The  gluten  feed  now  made  by  the  Glucose 
Sugar  Refining  Co.  at  its  several  factories  is  stated  to  be  uniform 
in  composition.  The  output  of  the  Davenport  factory  is  sold 
under  the  brand  "Davenport  Gluten  Feed."  That  of  the 
Marshalltown  factory  is  branded  "Marshalltown  Gluten  Feed" ; 
that  of  the  Peoria  factory  is  branded  "Buffalo  Gluten  Feed" 
and  that  of  the  Rockford  factory  as  "Rockford  Diamond  Gluten 
Feed."  "Golden  Gluten  Feed"  is  no  longer  sent  out  under 
that  brand. 

All  these  brands,  as  made  at  the  present  time,  are  stated  by 
the  manufacturer  to  contain  27.0  per  cent,  of  protein  and  three 
per  cent,  of  fat  in  the  dry  matter. 


GLUTEN.  17 

The  six  samples  of  Buffalo  Gluten  Feed  contained  on  the 
average  (9.63  per  cent,  of  water)  30.2  per  cent,  protein  and  3.6 
per  cent,  of  fat.  The  protein  in  the  dry  matter  of  all  was  well 
above  27  per  cent. 

In  one  case  the  fat  was  below  3  per  cent. 

The  percentages  of  protein  in  the  three  samples  of  "Rock- 
ford"  gluten  feed  and  the  two  of  "Diamond"  gluten  feed 
ranged  from  22.81  to  30.12.  It  is  possible  that  some  of  these 
samples  represented  feed  manufactured  before  the  consolidation 
of  these  factories  and  the  introduction  of  uniform  methods  of 
preparation. 

The  gluten  feed  made  by  the  National  Starch  Mfg.  Co. 
apparently  has  no  guarantee. 

Hominy  Chops. 

Also  called  hominy  feed,  white  meal,  Baltimore  meal,  is  a 
by-product  from  the  manufacture  of  hominy.  The  eight  sam- 
ples analyzed  were  of  average  composition  and  no  evidence  of 
adulterants  was  found  in  them. 

Ground  Oats. 

Of  the  two  samples  examined,  one,  11558,  is  of  inferior 
quality,  having  much  less  protein  and  fat  than  should  be  present 
and  much  more  fiber.  It  is  made  of  light  and  inferior  oats 
or  oat  hulls  or  clippings  have  been  mixed  with  it.  Oats  con- 
tain, on  the  average,  11.8  per  cent,  of  protein,  5.0  per  cent,  of 
fat  and  9.5  per  cent,  of  fiber. 

Provender. 

This  is  supposed  to  be  a  mixture  of  equal  weights  of  ground 
corn  and  oats. 

The  thirteen  analyses  show  a  wide  range  of  composition  and 
two  of  them  at  least,  12904  and  11356,  have  such  low  per- 
centages of  protein  together  with  such  large  percentages  of 
fiber  as  to  make  it  probable  that  oat  hulls  have  been  added  to 
them.  Provender  to  be  of  good  quality  should  certainly  contain 
at  least  ten  per  cent,  of  protein. 

3 


1 8      connecticut  experiment  station,  bulletin  i30. 

Corn  and  Oat  Feeds. 

In  the  table  are  given  analyses  of  six  samples  of  this  class 
which  have  about  the  same  composition  as  provender,  most  of 
them  containing  however  a  larger  percentage  of  fiber   (hulls). 

The  Victor  Corn  and  Oat  Feed,  made  by  the  American  Cereal 
Co.,  is  the  only  brand,  in  this  class,  bearing  a  statement  of  com- 
position. The  guarantee  is  9.46  per  cent,  of  protein  and  3.92 
per  cent,  of  fat.  One  of  the  samples,  11365,  falls  short  of  the 
guaranteed  protein  by  nearly  one  per  cent,  and  of  the  guaranteed 
fat  by  one  and  three-tenths  per  cent. 

Champion  Bell  Fodder,  12 127,  is  simply  a  corn  and  oat  feed 
of  average  quality,  under  another  name. 

OAT   FEEDS. 

Analyses  of  fourteen  samples  of  Oat  Feed  appear  in  the  table 
and  one  of  Oat  Chafif. 

Those  made  by  the  American  Cereal  Co.  contain  a  fair  amount 
of  protein  and  fat. 

The  same  is  true  of  12903.  But  all  the  others  contain  far 
less  protein  than  good  corn  meal  even  and  almost  or  quite  as 
much  woody  fiber  as  good  hay. 

They  are  factory  wastes  of  very  inferior  feeding  value,  con- 
sisting largely  of  oat  chaff,  which  are  sold  to  dairymen  in  this 
State  for  nearly  the  same  price  as  good  wheat  bran. 

No  feeder  can  afford  to  use  them,  however  cheaply  he  can  buy 
them.     They  ought  not  to  have  a  place  in  the  feed  market. 

Oat  chaff,  as  appears  in  the  table,  12 190,  can  be  bought  under 
its  true  name  for  $7.00  per  ton.  It  can  be  bought  under  the 
name  of  "Oat  Feed,"  as  also  appears  in  the  table,  12197,  for 
$15.00  a  ton. 

Some  of  the  oat  feeds  contained  some  wheat,  but  no  other 
foreign  matter  was  detected. 

The  Quaker  Oat  Feed  is  the  only  brand  which  has  the  guar- 
anteed statement  of  composition  which  the  law  requires. 

This  guarantee  is,  protein  12.03  P^'^  cent.,  fat  3.49  per  cent. 
Only  one  of  the  four  samples  contained  the  guaranteed  amount 
of  protein,  and  three  of  them  contained  much  less  than  this 
amount. 

We  are  informed  by  the  manufacturers  that  Quaker  Oat  Feed 
is  no  longer  made,  being  superseded  by  Quaker  Dairy  Feed. 


MIXED   FEEDS. 


19 


Corn,  Oats  and  Barley. 

Two  samples  bearing  this  brand,  made  by  the  American 
Cereal  Co.,  have  about  the  same  composition  as  their  oat  feed, 
though  with  less  fiber. 

Other  Mixed  Feeds. 

Feeds  made  by  the  H.  O.  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

H.  O.  Dairy  Feed.  Six  samples  of  this  article  have  been 
examined.  The  chemical  analyses  given  in  the  table  show  them 
to  have  a  tolerably  uniform  composition,  differing  from  bran 
in  having  somewhat  more  protein,  considerably  more  woody 
fiber  and  less  carbhydrates  and  fat.  Microscopic  examination 
shows  them  to  be  mixtures  of  oats,  corn,  wheat  and  cotton  seed. 

This  brand  is  guaranteed  by  the  manufacturers  to  contain  18 
per  cent,  of  protein  and  4.5  per  cent,  of  fat. 

Two  of  the  analyses  fall  slightly  below  the  guaranteed  pro- 
tein and  none  of  the  samples  contain  the  guaranteed  percentage 
of  fat. 

H.  O.  Horse  Feed.  Nine  samples  of  this  article  have  been 
examined.  It  consist  of  oats,  corn,  wheat  and  linseed.  Twelve 
per  cent,  of  protein  are  guaranteed  in  this  brand  and  four  and 
a  half  per  cent,  of  fat.  With  one  exception  the  analyses  sub- 
stantially came  up  to  the  guaranteed  protein,  but  all  show  less 
fat  than  is  guaranteed. 

H.  0.  Poultry  Food.  Three  samples  of  this  material  also 
appear  in  the  table.  They  contain  oats,  corn  and  wheat,  and  are 
guaranteed  to  contain  17  per  cent,  of  protein  and  5.50  per  cent, 
of  fat. 

One  of  the  samples  contains  two  per  cent,  less  of  protein  and 
nearly  one  per  cent,  less  of  fat  than  is  guaranteed. 

Feeds  made  by  the  American  Cereal  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 

Quaker  Dairy  Feed.  The  analyses  of  five  samples  of  this 
feed  are  given  in  the  table.  The  feed  is  composed  of  oats  and 
wheat  and  guaranteed  to  contain  12.09  per  cent,  of  protein  and 
3.49  per  cent,  of  fat.  The  percentage  of  fiber  shows  the  pres- 
ence of  a  considerable  quantity  of  oat  hulls.  In  two  of  the  sam- 
ples the  percentage  of  protein  fell  below  the  guaranteed  amount. 
One  analysis  is  also  given  of  the  American  Poultry  Food,  made 
by  the  same  company,  and  one  of  their  Stock  Food. 


20        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Blatchford's  Calf  Meal. 

Called  'The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute."  The  directions  for 
using,  however,  indicate  that  for  very  young  calves  it  is  to  be 
used  with  skim  milk  and  for  older  calves  a  double  handful  is 
given  daily,  in  addition  to  their  other  feed.  The  quality  and 
quantity  of  the  other  feed  would  affect  somewhat  the  profitable- 
ness of  this  feed,  which  costs  $3.50  per  100  pounds. 

The  sample  examined  contained  linseed  meal,  a  starchy  bean 
meal,  wheat  middlings,  cotton  seed  meal,  carob  bean  and  husk 
and  fenugreek.  It  contains  about  the  same  percentages  of  pro- 
tein, fat  and  nitrogen-free  extract  as  the  gluten  feeds. 

Rye  Bran  and  Rye  Feed. 

The  five  samples  examined  were  genuine  and  of  very  similar 
composition.  Rye  bran  sells  for  the  same  price  as  wheat  feeds 
and  contains  less  fat  and  from  one  and  one-half  to  two  per  cent, 
less  of  protein.  It  is  of  less  value  in  "balancing"  a  ration  than 
the  wheat  feeds  and  therefore  cannot  be  as  economical  a  feed 
to  purchase.  All  the  samples  consisted  wholly  of  rye.  None 
of  them  had  any  guaranteed  statement  of  composition. 

Malt  Hulls. 

A  single  analysis,  12261,  of  this  feed  shows  it  to  be  of  inferior 
value  as  a  feed.  It  represents  a  sample  sent  to  T.  S.  Gold,  West 
Cornwall,  by  a  feed  dealer  in  Chicago. 

Starch  Feeds. 

Schumacher's  Starch  Feed,  12078,  contains  much  less  protein 
than  wheat  bran  and  is  of  no  value  in  balancing  a  ration.  It 
contains  oats,  corn  and  wheat.  The  dry  Glen  Cove  Starch 
Feed,  12135,  ranks  in  composition  with  the  gluten  feeds,  and 
contains  as  much  protein  as  the  best  wheat  brans. 

Pioneer  Clover  Meal. 

This  material,  No.  12189,  is  put  up  for  a  poultry  food  and 
claims  to  be,  and  apparently  is,  ground  clover  hay.  Its  cost  is 
$1.00  for  50  pounds. 


'  mixed  feeds.  21 

Carob  Beans. 

As  this  material  forms  a  part  of  one  of  the  mixed  feeds  above 
referred  to  and  as  no  analyses  of  beans  and  pods  were  at  hand, 
analyses  were  made  both  of  the  beans  and  pods,  from  which  is 
calculated  the  composition  of  bean  and  pod  together. 

In  one  hundred  parts  of  the  unopened  pods  are  7.5  parts  by 
weight  of  seed  and  92.5  parts  of  empty  "husks"  or  pods.  The 
analyses  were  as  follows : 

Seeds. 

Water    12.84 

Ash   3.27 

Protein 15.00 

Starch*    

Sugars  and  dextrinesf 5.31 

Reducing  sugar:):    None 

Other  nitrogen-free  extract....  54.59 

■Fiber   7.16 

Fat    1.83 

100.00      100.00      100.00 

American  Cattle  Feeding  Salts. 

No.  12 192,  made  by  the  American  Cattle  Feeding  Salts  Co., 
138-140  55th  St.,  New  York  City.  John  M.  Draper,  Agri- 
cultural and  Research  Chemist,  Manager. 

Said  to  consist  of  "various  tonic  substances  and  natural 
salts,"  which  when  added  to  the  other  feeds  is  a  "means  of 
growing  prime  beef,  brighter  in  color,  wavy  or  marbled  in 
texture,  and  with  pure  white  fat,  in  much  less  time  than  is 
possible  under  the  present  system  of  feeding." 

The  "Salts"  contain  about  16  per  cent,  of  common  salt,  63^ 
per  cent,  of  Glaubers  salts,  4.8  per  cent,  of  Epsom  salts,  9.3 
per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  soda,  a  per  cent,  and  a  half  of  matter 
insoluble  in  water  and  for  the  rest  contains  water  and  some 
volatile  matter. 

The  last  three  analyses  of  the  table  are  of  beef  scraps  and 
animal  meal  used  as  poultry  food. 


Full  Pods. 

Husks. 

(Seed  and  Husk.) 

14-15 

14-05 

3-25 

3.26 

4.81 

5-57 

.85 

40.63 

41-56 

3.62 

3-25 

27.67 

26.99 

4.80 

4.98 

■  .22 

•34 

*By  diastase  method. 

tCarhhydrates  soluble  in  water  calculated  as  dextrose  after  hydroliz- 
ing  with  acid  and  deducting  "reducing  sugars." 
^Reducing  power  of  aqueous  extract  determined  without  hydrolysis. 


22         CONNECTICUT   EXPERIMENT   STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Analyses  of  Commercial  Feeds. 


Station 

No. 


12092 
I2125 
I2126 
I2IO3 
I207I 
12087 

"379 
12132 
1 2 149 
12895 


12093 

"395 
12074 
12088 
11392 

"385 
"381 
12156 
12147 
12894 
"567 
"585 


1 2 194 


12806 
12S01 

"383 
11565 
12131 


Name  of  Feed. 


Cotton  Seed  Meal... 

"       Dixie  Brand 


American. 


Linseed  Meal 

"Old  Process' 


"Old  Process' 


"Old  Process' 

Flax  Meal 

Linseed  Meal 


Ground  Wheat 

Brati  from   Winter 
Wheat. 
Bran,  Winter  Wheat- . 
'      Michiffan 


Coarse  Amber 
Wheat...   .. 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Chapin  &  Co.,  St.  Louis. 


J.  E.  Soper  &  Co.,  Boston 


Hunter   Bros.,  St.   Louis, 

Mo 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Boston 

J.  E.  Soper  &  Co.,  Boston 


Hunter  Bros.,  St.  Louis. 
American  Linseed  Co... 


C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  Boston 


Retail  Dealer. 


East  Hartford,  G,  M.  White  &  Son 
Hamden,  Ira  W.  Beers 


Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

C.  A.  Pease  &  Co.... 

Smith,  Northam  &  Co. 

New  Britain,  M.  D.  Stanley 

New  Haven,  R.G.Davis 

"  Abner  Hendee 


Average  of  the  above  10  analyses 

of  Cotton  Seed  Meal 

Average  of  205  recent  analyses.^.. 

H  ighest ..'._ 

Lowest  --. - 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Son 
Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co... 

C.  A.  Pease  &  Co. 

Smith,  Northam  &  Co... 

Middletovvn,  Meech  &  Stoddard. _ 

New  Britain,  Hugh  Reynolds 

M.'d.  Stanley 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham.. 

"  Abner  Hendee 


New  London,    Beebe  &  Bragan 

Willimantic,  H.  A.  Bugbee 

Average  of  the  above  8  analyses  of 

Old  Process  Linseed  Meal 

Average   of    25    recent     analyses 

Old  Process  - 

H  ighest 

Lowest 

Average  of  the  above  4   anal}'ses 

of  New  Process  Linseed  Meal.. 
Average    of    31     recent    analyses. 

New  Process 

Highest 

Lowest 

Torrington,   B.  C.  Patterson ... 


City  Mills  Co.,  N.  Y.  .. 
HoUister,  Crane  &  Co.. 


Hartford,  Smith,  Northam  &  Co... 

New  Britain,  Hugh  Reynolds 

New  London,  Beebe  &  Bragan 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  1899. 


23 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

(Starcli,  gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

12092 

9.10 

590 

48.83 

4.24 

23-38 

8.55 

$24.00 

I2I25 

8.80 

6.72 

45  88 

4.27 

25.30 

903 

23.00 

I2126 

7.72 

7-52 

44.20 

5-70 

22.09 

12.77 

23.00 

I2IO3 

7-74 

7.40 

45-76 

6.92 

21.23 

10.95 

24.00 

1 207 1 

8.20 

6.48 

493S 

441 

22.54 

8-99 

25.00 

12087 

8.85 

7-33 

46  01 

5-33 

21.36 

II. 12 

23.00 

"379 

6,84 

7.86 

47.00 

5.76 

21.23 

11-31 

26.00 

12132 

9-15 

5.88 

44.69 

5-87 

24.83 

9-58 

25.00 

1 2 149 

9.09 

6.48 

48.38 

4.87 

22.59 

8.59 

24.00 

12895 

7.14 

7.42 

43-94 

4.69 

23-85 

72.96 

25.00 

8.26 

6.90 

46.41 

5-53 

22.52 

10.3S 





45-4 





II. 2 





52.6 





17.0 





40.3 





6.5 

12093 

10.71 

5.56 

3507 

7.48 

31.59 

9-59 

28.00 

11395 

10.71 

4.90 

36.19 

8.56 

34  97 

4-67 

27.00 

12074 

II. 16 

5.56 

36.07 

8-39 

36.59 

2.23 

29-50 

12088 

9'77 

6.24 

38.13 

8. II 

35-04 

2.71 

26.00 

11392 

10.28 

6.06 

34-56 

8.00 

32.00 

9.10 

28.00 

113S5 

10.58 

5.13 

31. Si 

8.85 

36-97 

6.66 



11381 

1020 

5.50 

32  06 

8-79 

36.67 

6.78 

30.00 

12156 

10.83 

5.61 

36  26 

S-58 

36.89 

1.83 

29.00 

12147 

9.82 

6.62 

3376 

7-12 

33-54 

9.14 

28.00 

12894 

6.94 

6.60 

34-37 

7.08 

35-59 

9.42 

30.00 

11567 

II. 17 

5-15 

40.44 

7.64 

32.62 

2.98 

28.00 

11585 

976 

5-64 

32-94 

8.51 

36-89 

6.26 

30.00 

9.87 

5-75 

33-84 

8.05 

34-79 

7.70 

.... 

35-7 



.... 

7.2 





38-9 





9.6 





31.8 



4.7 

10.73 

5-64 

37-72 

8.18 

35-29 

2.44 

.... 

38.2 





2.4 





42.2 



3-5 



.... 

34-6 

--- 

1.8 

12194 

12.02 

548 

18.12 

6.34 

53-17 

4.87 

18.00* 

12806 

12.80 

500 

17-37 

6.92 

53-99 

392 

12801 

13.26 

6.27 

15.69 

8.80 

51.80 

4.18 

.... 

11383 

10.84 

6.49 

15-62 

9.01 

53-47 

4.57 

11565 

II. 31 

6.16 

15-37 

9-59 

53-18 

4.39 

21.00 

12131 

10.17 

6-93 

16.19 

8.18 

54-24 

4.29 

19.00 

*  Car  load  lots  delivered. 


24        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  IT. — Continued.     Analyses  of   Commercial  Feeds,     (^^") 


Station 
No. 


12151 
12900 
II576 


II372 
12096 
II398 
12805 
1 208 1 
II384 
I2152 
12906 
1 1 569 


I2II5 
12077 
12065 
II389 


12800 
12804 
1 1 396 
I2160 
I2I37 


I29OI 


Name  of  Feed. 


Bran, 


White  Mich.- 
White  Wheat 


Manuf.acturer  or  Jobber. 


Retail  Dealer. 


Bran  from    Spring 

Wheat. 

Bran,  Spring  Wheat  .. 


11575 


L^oarse 

Red  Wheat 


Valley  City  Milling    Co. 
Grand  Rapids 


New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham.. 
"  Abner  Hendee. 


Pillsbury . 


Freeman  Milling  Co. 
Pillsbury 


Washburn,  Crosby  Co. 


Washburn,  Crosby  Co... 


Bran  Unclassified. 
Bran T.  B.  Chase  &  Son,  N.  Y, 


Middlings,  Spring  Wheat 

A... 

B 


B 

Coarse 

No.  2_- 


Middlings,    Winter 
Wheat. 


Ferguson  &  Lewis,  Roch- 
ester   


Pillsbury. 


Northwestern    Consoli- 
dated Milling  Co.,  Min- 
neapolis .- 


Norwich,  Joseph  Connor  &  Son.. 
Average  of  the    above  8  analyses 

of  Winter  Wheat  Bran 

Average  of  45  recent  analyses 

Highest  -.- 

Lowest 


Berlin,  T.  B.  Wickwire 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co. 

Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

"  Smith,  Nonham  &  Co.. 

E.  P.  Yates  i&  Co 

New  Britain,  Hugh  Reynolds 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham 

"  Abner  Hendee 

New  London,  Arnold  Rudd 

Average  of  the   above  9  analyses 

of  Spring  Wheat  Bran 

Average  of  53  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 

Bridgeport,  Taylor  &  Clark 

Hartford,  Cummings  &  Garvin 

C.  A.  Pease  &  Co 


Middletown,  Meech  &  Stoddard.. 


Hartford,  Smith,  Northam  &  Co. 


Daniels  Mill  Co.  . 
New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham. 


R.  G.  Davis 

"  Abner  Hendee 

Average  of  the  above  6  analyses  of 

Spring  Wheat  Middlings 

Average  of  60  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 


Valley   City  Milling  Co., 

Grand  Rapids Norwich,  Joseph  Connor  &  Sons 

Average  of  20  recent  anal}'ses 

Highest 

Lowest 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  i8qq. 


25 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

(Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

I215I 
12900 

9.98 
8.06 

5.98 
6.53 

16.13 

15-94 

8.20 
8.74 

55.20 
56.61 

4-51 
4.12 

$19.00 
20.00 

II576 

11.40 

5-33 

15-25 

8.32 

55-37 

4-33 



IO.9S 

6.08 

15-94 
15.5 

17.S 

8.46 

54-25 

4-29 
4.4 
5-6 





136 





3-5 

II372 
12096 
II39S 
12805 
1 208 1 
II384 
12152 
12906 
1 1 569 

10.53 

9-74 
II. SB 
12.99 
11.31 
"•45 
10.25 

S.20 
11.44 

6.98 
6.51 
5.80 
6.72 

6.54 
6.40 

6.54 
5.86 
6.01 

15-56 
16.37 
15-81 
15.06 

15-75 
15-12 

15-31 
16.37 

15-44 

12.12 

8.87 

7-83 
IO.Q6 

10.42 

10.37 

11.56 

9.II 

10.59 

49-87 
53-37 
54.26 
49.84 
50.92 
52.03 
51-28 
55-95 
52.15 

4-94 
5-14 
4-42 
4-43 
5-o6 

4-63 
5 -06 

4.51 

4-37 

19.00 
20.00 
20.00 

20.00 

18.00 
18.00 
19.00 

10.86 

6.37 

15.64 
16. 1 

10.20 

52.20 

4-73 
4.9 



17-5 



5-6 



---- 

I5-I 

— 

---- 

4-4 

I2II5 
12077 
12065 

9.86 
10.39 
10.75 

6.27 

5-79 
6.35 

15-75 
16.94 

15-75 

9.68 
8.04 
9.46 

53-76 
53-78 
52.86 

4-68 
5-06 
4-83 

18.00 
20.00 
20.50 

II389 

11.65 

5-50 

15-31 

8.50 

54-91 

4-13 

21.50 

12800 
12804 
II396 
12160 

12.18 
12.28 
11.48 
11.06 

3-33 
5-30 
5-52 
4.71 

18.06 
16.50 
17.19 
17-32 

5-36 

9-53 
10.26 

9.48 

56.26 
51-04 
50.06 
51-67 

4.81 
5-35 
5-49 
5-76 

21.00 
19.00 

I2137 
1 290 1 

11.63 

8.43 

5-45 
5.18 

16.00 
16.69 

10.31 
10.07 

51-57 
54-38 

5-04 
5-25 

17.00 
20.00 

II. 17 

4.91 

16.96 
18.8 

9.17 

52-51 

5.28 
5-2 





22.2 





7-1 



16.0 





3-3 

11575 

11.76 

4-37 

15-87 
16.0 

17-9 
12.4 

6.87 

56.71 

4.42 
4.8 

5-1 

4-4 

19.00 

26        CONNECTICUT   EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Continued.     Analyses  of  Commercial  Feeds.     {Jt^) 


Station 
No. 


Name  of  Feed. 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Retail  Dealer. 


Middlings,  unclassified. 


12113 

12111 

11557 
12067 
12066 
12084 
12159 
12142 
12144 
12143 
1 1566 
11571 

11578 

12195 
12193 
11584 

14012 


1 1367 

1 1 368 

11559 

1 1 560 
12122 
12121 

"397 
12069 
12802 
11359 

1 1 364 

11378 

I1387 

12153 
12128 
14017 

"594 
14016 


T.  B.  Chase  &  Son,  New 
York. 


Puritan .- 

N.  Y.  Brand  No.  2 
No.  I  N.  Y.  Brand 


J.  T.  Benham,  New  Haven 


White . 
Fine  .. 
Fine  ,. 
Coarse 


Middlings,  Colonial — 

Mixed  Feed  from   Win- 
ter Wheat. 

Anchor 

Buckeye 


I.  Harter  Co.'s 

Coarse 

Medium  Snow  Flake 

Brand 

Anchor 

Acme 


New  York  City  Mills 

Whitney  &  Wilson,  Roch- 

F.  W.  'St'ock,"Miils"d'ale", 

Mich. 

C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  Boston 

Bay   State   Co.,    Winona, 
Minn.  - - 

Miner,  Hillard  MillingCo. 


C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  Boston 
American    Cereal   Co., 

Chicago  -- 

American   Cereal   Co., 

Chicago 

Isaac  Harter  Co.,  Toledo 


Anchor  Mill  Co.,  Superior 


Snow  Flake  Brand 

Buckeye. 

Snow  Flake. 

Hannibal  Mixed  Feed. 


Lawrenceberg  Mills   Co., 
Ind 

American   Cereal    Co., 
Chicago 

Lawrenceberg  Mills   Co., 
Ind 

Hannibal    Milling    Co., 
Hannibal,  Mo 


Snow  Flake  Brand 

Acme  Feed 

Mixed    Feed 


C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  Boston 
Acme  Co.,  Indianapolis.. 
Miles  &  Son,    Frankfort, 
Ky 


Bridgeport,  Taylor  &  Clark 

Bristol,  W.  O.  Goodsell 

Guilford,  G.  F.  Walter 

Hartford,  C.  A.  Pease  &  Co 

E.  P.  Yates  &  Co 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham 

R.G.Davis- 

"  Abner  Hendee 

New  London,  Beebe  &  Bragan 

Arnold  Rudd 

Norwich,  A.  A.  Beckwith 

Torrington,  B,  C.  Patterson 

Willimantic,  H.  A.  Bugbee 

New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee 

Berlin,  J.  C.  Lincoln 

Guilford,  F.  H.  Rolf.... 

Hamden,  Ira  W.  Beers 

Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

"  C.  A.  Pease  &  Co 

"  Smith,  Northam  &  Co.. 

Meriden,Meriden  Grain  &  Feed  Co, 

A.  H.  Cashen 

New  Britain,  M.D.Stanley 

"  Hugh  Reynolds 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham 

R.  G.  Davis 

North  Haven,  The  Co-Op.  Feed  Co. 
Rockville,  Edward  White 

North  Haven.Cooperative  Feed  Co. 


• 


ANALYSES    OF    COMMERCIAL   FEEDS. 

Sampled  in  i8qg. 


27 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Ether 

Price 
per  ton. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Extract. 
(Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Extract. 

I2113 

".58 

4.18 

18.63 

5-00 

54-35 

6.26 

$19.00 

I2III 

11.07 

4.29 

14.38 

5-57 

60.34 

4-35 



II557 

IT.86 

4.24 

17.56 

7.11 

54.40 

4.83 

21.00 

12067 

10.44 

4-30 

18.44 

6-59 

55-18 

5.05 

20.00 

12066 

10.50 

4-32 

20.13 

4.68 

54-60 

5-77 

21.50 

12084 

13.92 

5-27 

19.19 

6.98 

52.92 

1.72 

21.00 

I2159 

12.23 

2.86 

13.69 

3-03 

65-31 

2.88 

20.00 

I2142 

12.08 

4.44 

17-25 

4-94 

55-88 

541 

18.00 

12144 

12.61 

3.6S 

12.85 

1.05 

67-15 

2.70 

20.00 

I2143 

".32 

4.69 

17.88 

8. II 

52.09 

5-91 

18.00 

1 1 566 

10.92 

4.91 

17-75 

4.48 

54-24 

7-70 

21.00 

II571 

12.74 

3-58 

17-31 

6.31 

54-56 

5-50 

20.00 

II578 

"■75 

4-34 

16.19 

6.16 

59-72 

1.84 

21.00 

12195 

12.50 

4.88 

19.44 

6.78 

50.76 

5.64 

16.00* 

12193 

12.74 

2.86 

14-87 

4.05 

61.68 

3.80 

17.25* 

II584 

11.62 

4.38 

18.62 

8-13 

51.69 

5.56 

19.00 

I4OI2 

7-85 

3-75 

13-75 

5-48 

62.37 

6.80 

20.00 

II367 

10.93 

5-34 

16.56 

8.28 

53-79 

5.10 

20.00 

1 1 368 

11.27 

5-48 

17.12 

7.21 

54-55 

4-37 

20.00 

"559 

12. II 

4-97 

17-75 

6.82 

53-98 

4-37 

20.00 

1 1 560 

11.69 

5-04 

15-75 

6.76 

56.49 

4.27 

20.00 

12122 

9-73 

6.57 

17-13 

7.90 

54-08 

4-59 

18.00 

12121 

9-97 

6.06 

16.75 

7-41 

55.28 

4.53 

18.00 

"397 

".58 

5.06 

16.12 

8.94 

53-10 

5.20 

21.00 

12069 

10.18 

6.33 

17.00 

6.97 

54-92 

4.60 

20.00 

12802 

13-28 

5-" 

18.12 

6.48 

53-41 

3.60 



"359 

11.02 

4.86 

17-31 

7-57 

54-96 

4.28 

20.00 

1 1364 

11.30 

5-39 

16.37 

6.55 

55-98 

4.41 

20.00 

11378 

10.76 

545 

17.56 

7.26 

54-67 

4-30 

21.00 

11387 

"■75 

4-37 

15-56 

6.95 

57-32 

4-05 

20.00 

12153 

10.68 

5-94 

16.63 

7.22 

54-74 

4-79 

18.50 

12128 

10.88 

5-96 

16.32 

7.04 

55-22 

4-58 

18.00 

14017 

8.94 

542 

17.62 

8-95 

54-20 

4.87 

18.00 

"594 

11.24 

548 

17-50 

7-15 

54-63 

4.00 

20.00 

14016 

8.16 

6.75 

16.37 

9.22 

54-33 

5-17 

18.00 

*  Car  load  lots  delivered. 


28        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Cotitinued.     Analyses  of  Commercial  Feeds.     {jH^) 


"355 


12120 
12106 
12105 
12S03 
120S6 
12082 

"375 
11376 


14018 


11370 

11373 
t2ll6 
12090 
1 2091 
12099 
I2I0I 
I2I02 

1 1393 
12070 

"555 
"357 
11360 

12109 
12902 
12158 
12196 

"591 
1 1590 
11586 


12112 
I208g 


Name  of  Feed. 


Sunshine  Mixed  Feed. 


Mixed  Peed  from  Spring 
Wheat. 

Best  Fine 

Anchor. 

Minkota 

No.  2 


Superior  Mixed  Feed.. 
Golden  Bull  Mixed 
Feed 


Boston 


Mixed  Feed,  unclassified. 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Hunter  Bros.,  St.  Louis.. 


Pillsbury 


Lake  Superior  Mills,  Wis. 

Bay  State  Milling  Co., 

Winona,  Minn.. 

Imperial  Mill  Co.,  Duluth 


Hollister, 
N.  Y.  .. 


Crane   &  Co., 


Boston  Feed. 

No.i 

No.  2 


.  T.  B.  Chase  &  Son,  N.  Y, 


Michigan  Stock  Food 
St.  Louis  Mixed  Feed 
Boston  " 

St.  Louis  " 

Boston  " 

Mixed  Feed 

Stirling  Mixed  Feed.. 
Mixed  Feed 


New  York  Mixed  Feed 
Sterling  Mixed  Feed  .. 

Corn  Meal. 


N.  Y.  City  Mills 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Boston  .. 


Hecker  Jones  Milling  Co, 
Chapin  &  Co -. 


W.  M.  Terry,  Bridgeport, 

Smith,    Northam   &    Co. 

Hartford 


Retail  Dealer. 


Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall 

Average  of  the  above  19  analyses 

of  feed  from  Winter  Wheat 

Average  of  88  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 

Hamden,  Ira  W.  Beers 

Hartford,  E.  H.  Arnold  &  Son 

Smith,  Northam  &  Co.. 

E.  P.  Yates  &  Co 

New  Britain,  C.  W.  Lines. 


North  Haven,  The  Co-Op.  Feed  Co. 
Average  of  the  above  9   analyses 

of  feed  from  Spring  Wheat 

Average  of  60  recent  anal)'ses 

Highest - 

Lowest 

Berlin,  J.  C.  Lincoln. 

"      T.  B.  Wickwire 

Bridgeport,  Taylor  &  Clark 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co. 

Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

C.  A.  Pease  &  Co 

E.  P.  Yates  &  Co 

Meriden,  S.  A.  Billings 

"         Meriden  Grain  and  Feed 

Co 

New  Canaan,  Grange. 

New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee 

R.G.Davis 

Willimantic,  E.  A.  Buck  &  Co 

"  H.  A.  Bugbee 

Bridgeport,  Taylor  &  Clark 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co. 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  1899. 


29 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Ether 

Price 
per  ton. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Extract. 
(Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Extract. 

"355 

10.92 

4-65 

17.00 

6.66 

56.72 

4-05 

$20.00 

10.86 

548 

16.87 

7-44 

54-87 

4.48 





16,2 





4-5 





18.5 





5-4 

---- 



13-8 





3-6 

12120 

10.42 

5.26 

16.25 

8.27 

54-30 

5-50 

18.00 

12106 

10.29 

5.26 

16.75 

7-83 

54-97 

4.90 

20.00 

12105 

11.20 

3-75 

16.00 

5.20 

59-63 

4.22 

20.00 

12803 

12.05 

3-51 

15-56 

9-36 

54-66 

4.86 



12086 

10.19 

7.11 

18.75 

9.41 

49  45 

5-09 

iS.oo 

12082 

II. 16 

6.27 

17-38 

8-57 

51-51 

5-" 

20.00 

11375 

11.12 

5.00 

16.69 

8.80 

53-33 

5.06 

20.00 

11376 

II. 12 

5-75 

16.75 

9.18 

51-56 

5-64 

20.00 

14018 

10.08 

4.S0 

16.81 

8.05 

55-00 

5.26 

18  00 

10.85 

5-iS 

16.77 

S.29 

53-84 

5 -07 





17.3 



4.9 

. .  -  _ 



19.8 





5-5 





15.6 





3.S 

11370 

II.OI 

5-87 

17-50 

6.52 

54-98 

4.12 

20.00 

"373 

11.02 

5-27 

16.50 

8.67 

54.16 

4-38 

20.00 

12116 

11.00 

4-56 

16.13 

5-57 

58.20 

4-54 



12090 

10.46 

6.05 

15.82 

6-33 

56.77 

4-57 

20.00 

12091 

10.79 

5-64 

16.00 

7.04 

56.07 

4.46 

20.00 

12099 

10.14 

5.60 

15.00 

6.97 

57-92 

4-37 

19.00 

12101 

10.43 

5-37 

16.31 

7-50 

54-99 

5-40 

19.00 

12102 

10.17 

4.98 

16.88 

6-75 

56.68 

4-54 

ig.oo 

"393 

12.00 

5.06 

17.62 

7.24 

54-17 

3-91 

21.00 

12070 

10.72 

5-04 

I6.8S 

6.53 

55-37 

546 

20.00 

"555 

12.00 

5-32 

16.19 

S.65 

53-22 

4.62 

21.00 

"357 

10.85 

5-90 

17.81 

7-54 

53-49 

4.41 

20.00 

1 1360 

10.66 

5-85 

17-50 

7.43 

53-56 

5.00 

20.00 

12109 

8.06 

4.99 

19-13 

7-43 

54-57 

5.82 

I4.00"'- 

12902 

S.03 

5-98 

16.19 

9.11 

55-96 

4-73 

20.00 

12158 

10.87 

5-47 

18.00 

7.66 

53-98 

4.02 

18.00 

12196 

11.22 

5-99 

16.00 

8.58 

53-23 

4.98 

19.00 

"591 

12.10 

5-78 

15-50 

9-03 

53-46 

4-13 

20.00 

11590 

10.61 

5 -60 

19.00 

7-94 

52.85 

4.00 

20.00 

"586 

11.02 

5-72 

17.19 

8.73 

53-04 

4.30 

20.00 

12112 

14.30 

I-3I 

10.25 

2-45 

67.98 

3-71 

17.00 

12089 

13-91 

1-45 

9.88 

1.50 

68.90 

4-36 

19.00 

*  Car  load  lots. 


30        CONNECTICUT   EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Continued.     Analyses  of    Commercial  Feeds.     {SS^) 


12104 
12076 
12097 
12064 
12079 
1 1 604 
12133 


Name  of  Feed. 


11388  Atlantic  Gluten  Meal* 
12136 


12095 
12068 
12080 
11386 
11380 


"394 
12085 

11361 
11577 


1 1600 


"599 
11574 


Chicago  Gluten  Meal.. 


Cream  Gluten 


King  Gluten  Meal 


King  Gluten  Meal 


Gluten  Feed,  Buffalo. 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Atlantic     Starch    Works, 

Westport,  Conn 

Glucose  Sugar  Refin'g  Co 


Natl.  Starch  Mfg.  Co... 
(Indianapolis  Mill). 


Natl.  Starch  Mfg.  Co.. 
(Des  Moines  Mill). 


Glucose  Sugar  Refining 
Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose  Sugar  Refining 
Co.,  Chicago 


Retail  Dealer. 


Hartford,  E.  H.  Arnold  &  Son  ... 

"  Cummings  &  Garvin 

Daniels  Mill  Co 

C.  A.  Pease  &  Son 

E.  P.  Yates  &  Co 

Middlefield,  S.  E.  Miller 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

Average  of  the  above  9  analyses 
of  Corn  Meal 

Average  of  17  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 

Middletown,  Meech  &  Stoddard.. 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co. 

Hartford,  C.  A.  Pease  &  Co 

E.  P.  Yates  &  Co 

New  Britain,  Hugh  Reynolds 

M.D.Stanley 

Average  of  the  above  5  analyses  of 

Chicago  Gluten  Meal 

Average  of  76  recent  analyses 

Highest - 

Lowest 

Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

Smith,  Northam  &  Co.  . 
Meriden,  Meriden  Grain  and  Feed 

Co. -. 

Norwich,  A.  A.  Beckwith 

Average  of  the  above  4  analyses  of 

Cream  Gluten. 

Average  of  40  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest    

Sent  by  A.  Cullen  &  Co.,  N.  Y.  City 

Average  of  10  recent  analyses 

Highest .- 

Lowest -- 

West  Hartford,  C.  M.  Beach 

Average  of  39  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest -- 

Bridgeport,  Berkshire  Mills 

Groton,  Groton  Grain  Co 


*  Made  from  wheat. 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  i8qq. 


31 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

1 2 104 
12076 
12097 
12064 
12079 
1 1604 
12138 

13-39 
14.25 

14-65 
17-38 
13.61 
12.35 
16.54 

1.22 
1.65 
1.56 
1.40 

i.gr 
1.26 
1-39 

9-75 
9-45 
9-44 
9-56 
9-56 
10.00 
9-51 

1.96 
I.7I 
I.7I 
1.65 

1.66 

1-75 
1.63 

69.74 
68.24 
68.20 
66.82 
69.05 
70.96 
67.14 

3-94 
4.70 

4-44 
3-19 
4.21 

3.68 
3-79 

$19.00 
19.00 
18.00 
19.00 
19.00 

19.00 

14.49 

1.46 

9.71 

95 

10.8 
8.6 

1.78 

68.56 

4.00 
4.0 

4-7 
2.7 

II388 
I2136 
12095 
12068 
12080 
II386 
II380 

8.66 
7.26 
10.26 
11.86 
17.16 
11.56 
10.79 

1. 12 

I.07 
1.05 
1.83 
1.22 
1.85 
0.60 

48.75 
49.06 
41.29 
35-94 
36-25 
37-75 
34-62 

0.85 
0.88 
1. 10 
1.50 
1.41 
1-52 
1.56 

38.92 
39-69 

44-43 
46.85 
42.34 
44.69 
48.24 

1.70 
2.04 
1.87 
2.02 
1.62 
2.63 
4.19 

25.00 
21.00 
23.00 
23.50 
24.00 
30.00 
25.00 

12.32 

I-31 

37-17 
36.7 
41.3 

31-7 

1.42 

45-32 

2.46 

2.7 

7.6 

1-4 

"394 
12085 

10.00 
11.25 

0.99 
0.95 

32-12 

34-94 

2.36 
1-35 

52.24 
47-73 

2.29 
3.78 

25.00 
20.00 

11161 
"577 

9.90 
9.27 

0.54 
0.84 

35-37 
34.12 

1-43 
1.49 

51.06 
52.30 

1.70 
1.98 

24.00 
25.00 

10.10 

0.83 

34-14 
34-1 
41-3 
30.1 

1.65 

50.84 

2.44 
3.2 
6.1 
1.6 

11600 

7.40 

0.45 

33-12 

1. 21 

55-03 

2.79 







34-62 

37-32 
32.11 

---- 

---- 

4.80 

6.87 
2.65 

12108 

8.15 

0.89 

32.07 

1-93 

41.69 

15.27 



---- 

.... 

32.89 

37.06 
26.38 





15.35 

19-77 
II. 71 

"599 

10.10 

2.60 

27.00 

7.10 

50.03 

3-17 

20.00 

"574 

10.12 

1.67 

27.12 

7-27 

51.48 

2.34 

25.00 

32         CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Continued.     Analyses  of  Commercial    Feeds.     {S^) 


Station 
No. 


I2123 
II377 
I2155 
I4OI5 
I215O 
I2S99 
II570 


II568 


12133 

II597 


I2821 

II598 

II374 
I2124 


Name  of  Feed. 


Gluten  Feed,  Buffalo.. 


Rockford 


Golden  Gluten  Feed. 


Diamond  Gluten  Feed. 


Gluten  Feed. 


Gluten  

Gluten  Meal. 


Hominy  Chop. 

11562 

12129 

12908  "  White  Meal  " 

14019  "  

14011  "  Hominy  Meal  ".. 


1 1 603 
11391 
11354 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 

Glucose    Sugar    Refining 

Co.,  Chicago 


Retail  Dealer. 


Hamden,  Ira  W.  Beers 

New  Britain,  C.  W.  Lines 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham 

North  Haven, Cooperative  Feed  Co. 
New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee 


New  London,  Arnold  Rudd 

Average  of  the  above  6   anal}'^ses 

of  Buffalo  Gluten  Feed 

Average  of  34  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 


Glucose    Sugar    Refiningi 

Co. !New  London,  Beebe  &  Brogan... 

'Average  of  15  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 


Glucose  Sugar  Refining 
Co. 

Glucose  Sugar  Refining 
Co 


National  Starch  Mfg.  Co.. 


American  Cereal  Co. 


C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  Boston 
Miner,    Hillard    Co., 

Wilkesbarre 

Indianapolis  H.  Co 


New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 


Rockville,  Edward  White 

Average  of  30  recent  anal3'ses. 

Highest 

Lowest - 


Bridgeport,  Berkshire  Mills  Co. 


Berlin,  T.  B.  Wickwire 
Hamden,  Ira  W.  Beers 


Guilford,  F.  H.  Rolf 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

"  Abner  Hendee.. 

North  Haven,  Co-op.  Feed  Co. 


Meriden,  A.  H.  Cashen. 
Middlefield,  S.  E.  Miller 


C.  M.  Cox  &  Co.,  BostonlMiddletown,  Meech  &  Stoddard.. 


Chapin  &  Co.,  Boston 


Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall. 

Average  of  the  above  8  analyses  of 

H  ominj'  Chop 

Average  of  20  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  i8qq. 


33 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

(Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

I2123 

9-85 

2.60 

28.57 

6.08 

49-73 

3-17 

$18.50 

II377 

9.20 

1-55 

27-75 

6.60 

50.81 

4.09 

23.00 

I2155 

10.04 

2.83 

26.32 

6.58 

51-24 

2-99 

19.00 

I4015 

8.46 

2.39 

27.12 

6.85 

51.48 

370 

18.00 

I215O 

8.77 

0.90 

25.19 

7.07 

54-30 

3-77 

19.00 

12899 

7.21 

0.64 

22.81 

6.34 

59-79 

3-21 

20.00 

II57O 

9-55 

0.88 

30.12 

6.85 

49.26 

3-34 

19.00 

9-63 

2.27 

27-31 
27.5 
2g.6 

25-3 

6-74 

50.80 

3-25 
3-1 
4-7 
2.3 

II568 

8.48 

0.82 



27.25 
27.00 

6.58 

53-12 

3-75 
3.00 

22.00 





29.6 





4.0 





23.6 





2.0 

I2133 

9.87 

0.88 

23.69 

5.85 

56.14 

3-57 

19.00 

II597 

8.99 

0.72 

2437 
23.6 

30.1 

6.65 

55-75 

3-52 
3.6 
5-0 

22.00 

---- 

.... 

20.3 

---- 

2-3 

I282I 
II598 

7.35 
6.77 

0.60 

0.88 

21-37 
19.87 

7-43 
7-63 

57-07 
53-33 

6.18 
11-52 

20.00 

"374 
12124 

9-75 
8.17 

0.40 

0.98 

26.19 
18.94 

3.58 
7-94 

56.37 
53-25 

3-71 
10.72 

20.00 
18.00 

1 1562 
12129 
12908 
14019 

10.65 
7.14 
6.85 

-       7.85 

2.46 
300 
1.93 
2.45 

11.25 
12.00 

11-37 
11.25 

7.61 
4.01 

3-22 
5.96 

62.92 
64-36 
69.07 
63.23 

5-II 
9-49 
7-56 
9.26 

19.00 
18.00 
18.00 
17.00 

14011 
1 1 603 
11391 
11354 

6.36 

9.66 

10.20 

8.71 

2.81 
3-32 
2.80 
1-95 

10.87 
11.06 

11-75 
11.25 

4.18 
5-10 

5-43      ' 
3-85 

67.32 

61.86 
61.15 
67-31 

8.46 
9.00 

8.67 
6.93 

16.50 

18.00 
18.00 

8.43 

2.60 

11-35 
II. 2 

4.92 

64.64 

8.06 
7.8 





12.0 



9-7 





10.3        i 



4.0 

34         CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION^    BULLETIN    I30, 

Table  II. — Continued.     Analyses  of  Commercial    Feeds.     {S^) 


Station 
No. 


II37I 
II558 

II573 

II556 
12075 

"554 
1 1605 
12140 
12154 
12904 
11572 

11581 
11356 

11589 
11592 


12819 

11382 

1 1 369 
11564 
11365 
11593 

12127 


120 

12073 
12148 
11596 
11583 


Name  of  Feed. 


Ground  Oats. 


Provender. 


Benham's. 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


Miner   &    Hillard    Co., 

Wilkesbarre 

R.  J.  Hardy,  Boston 


Valley  Grain  Co.,  Brattle- 
boro,  Vt -- 

Guilford  Town  Mill    


M.  L.  Crittenden,   Buffalo 


Retail  Dealer. 


Berlin,  J.  C.  Lincoln  ... 
Guilford,  G.  F.  Walters. 


Groton,  Groton  Grain  Co 

Guilford,  G.  F.  Walters 

Hartford,  C.  A.  Pease  &  Co. 
E.  P.  Yates  &  Co. 


S.  E.  Miller jMiddlefield,  S.  E.  Miller. 

American  Cereal  Co.  . 
J.  T.  Benham 


Corn  and  Oat  Feed 

Defiance  Corn  and  Oat 
Feed 

Victor    Corn    and    Oat 

Feed 

Victor    Corn    and    Oat 

Feed 

Victor   Corn    and    Oat 

Feed    

Victor    Corn    and    Oat 

Feed 


Champion  Bell  Fodder 
Quaker  Oat  Feed 


New  London,  Arnold  Rudd. 


New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

"  J.  T.  Benham  .. 

"  Abner  Hendee. 

E.  W.  Bailey  &  Co.,  Mont- 

pelier,  Vt. 

Cutler  Co.,  N.  Wilbraham, 

Mass. {Norwich,  Norwich  Grain  Co.. 

American    Cereal    Co., 

Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall. 

Willimantic,  E.  A.  Buck  &  Co 

W.D.Grant 

Average  of  the  above   13  analyses 

of  Hominy  Chop 

Average  of  22  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 


Chicago 

E.  A.  Buck  &  Co 

M.  L.  Crittenden,  Buffalo 


Miner,     Hillard    Co., 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa 


H-0.  Co.,  Buffalo... 
American  Cereal  Co. 


Torrington,  Geo.  W.  Greene. . 
New  Britain,  Hugh  Reynolds 


.IBerlin,  J.  C.  Lincoln 

i 

Guilford,  F.  H.  Rolf... 

Meriden,  A.  H.  Cashen. 

Rockville,  Edw.  White  . 


Hollister,    Crane    &    Co., 
N.  Y 


New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 


Amer'n  Cereal  Co.,  Ch 


'go  Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

C.  A.   Pease  &  Co 

New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee - 

Rockville,  Edward  White 

Willimantic,   H.  A.  Bugbee 

Average   of  the  above  5   analyses 

of  Quaker  Oat  Feed 

Average  of  36  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest -. 


analyses  of  commercial  feeds. 
Sampled  in  i.Sqq. 


35 


Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

(Starch,  gum,  etc.) 


Ether 
Extract. 


Price 
per  ton. 


II37I 
II558 


11573 
11556 
12075 

"554 
11605 
12140 
12154 
12904 

11572 

11581 

11356 
11589 
11592 


12819 

11382 

II 369 
11564 
11365 

"593 

12127 

12098 
12073 
12148 
1 1 596 
11583 


10.10 
9.69 


12.72 
12.36 

11-59 
10.96 
12.00 
11.28 
11.99 
8.35 

12.08 

12.55 

9.11 
12.65 
10.24 

"■57 


7-13 
9.S6 

8.77 
11.08 
10.66 

9-03 

9.14 

744 
7-95 
8.37 
8.42 
7.90 

8.01 


3-69 

4.78 


1.87 
1.94 
2-53 
3-03 
1.80 

4-36 
1.81 
3.61 

1.82 

1. 81 

3-83 
1.88 
4.02 

2.64 


3-98 
4-44 

4.12 

3.58 
3-77 
4.72 

3-31 

5-2$ 
5-39 
5-30 
5-05 
4-77 

5-15 


10.94 
8.25 


8.94 
10.50 
10.44 

9-50 
10.56 

9-25 
10.13 

7-94 

8.87 


7-94 

10.81 

9.25 

9-55 
9.4 
11.4 
7-4 

10.56 
9-37 


9.87 

9-37 

8.50 

10.62 

9.88 

11.44 
11.56 
10.25 
13.12 
11.94 

11.66 
10.26 

12.8 
7-4 


10.35 
19.67 


4-51 
4-53 
5-10 

13-85 
4.52 
9-52 
4.18 

13-75 

6.14 

3-85 

15-28 

5-27 

13.40 

7-99 


3-o6 
13-54 

12.85 
".83 
12.S5 
13  60 

12.8S 

17.16 

T5-83 
19.58 

17-73 
18.95 

17.85 


59-94 
54-46 


67.59 
66.30 
65-81- 

59-33 
66.79 
6t.44 
67.48 
63.21 

67.46 

66.97 

60.89 
65.18 
59.82 

64.49 


70.92 
59-64 

59-78 
60.16 

61.53 
57-80 

59-75 

54-71 
55-30 
53-80 
51-83 
5301 

53-74 


4.98 
3-15 


3-63 
4.82 

2-95 
4.21 

3-27 

3.96 
3.8 

5-4 
2.4 

4.35 

3-15 

4.61 

3-98 
2.69 

4-23 
5-04 


$16.00 


4-37 

20.00 

4-37 

21.00 

4-53 

21.50 

3-33 

20.00 

4-33 



4-15 

19.00 

4-41 

20.00 

3-14 

18.00 

20.00 

19.00 
21.00 
20.00 


18.00 
20.00 
19.00 
19.00 

18.00 


4.00 

18.00 

3-97 

19.50 

2.70 

17.00 

3-85 

18.00 

3-43 

18.00 

3-59 

3-4 

4-3 

2.7 

36        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION^    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. — Continued.      Analyses  of  Commercial  Feeds.     (^^) 


Station 
No. 

Name  of  Feed. 

Majiufacturer  or  Jobber. 

Retail  Dealer. 

12820 

Crescent  Oat  Feed 

Toliet  Oat  Feed 

A.  Cullen  &  Co.,  N.  York 

1 1 400 
12083 

12114 
I2IO7 
1 2 100 

Hartford   E   P.  Yates  &  Co 

Oat  Feed 

"         No.  2 

T.  B.  Chase  &  Son,  N.  Y. 

Bridgeport,  Taylor  &  Clarke 

Hartford,  E.  H.  Arnold  &  Son 

"          No.  2 

Daniels    Mill  Co 

1 1 606 

Illinois  Cereal  Co. 

Middlefield,  S.  E.  Miller-       

12903 
I2197 

I2I9O 

1 209 1 
II561 

II366 
II563 

.. 

New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee.. 

•< 

Putnam,  J.W.Andrews 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

Oat  Chaff 

Corn,  Oats  and  Barley- 
Quaker  Dairy  Feed 

U                                       (1 

(1                      (< 

Stock  Food,  Corn,  Oats 
and  Barley 

American  Cereal  Co 

American  Cereal  Co., 
Chicago  .- 

American  Cereal  Co., 
Chicago 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co, 
Guilford,  F.  H.  Rolf 

Berlin,  J.  C.  Lincoln ^ 

Guilford,  F.H.Rolf... 

II39O 

American  Cereal  Co., 
Chicago 

Middletown,  Meech  &  Stoddard.. 

I2134 

American  Cereal  Co., 
Chicago 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis     

"579 

American  Cereal  Co., 
Chicago  »-             

Norwich    A.  A.  Beckwith  ..   

12094 

American  Cereal  Co 

American  Cereal  Co 

H-0  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y... 

Average  of  the   above  5   analyses 
of  Quaker  Dairy  Feed- 

East  Hartford,  G.  M.  White  &  Co. 

11595 
II 363 

American  Poultry  Food 
H-0  Dairy  Feed 

Rockville,  Edward  White. 

Average  of  14  recent  analyses  — 

Highest 

Lowest -- - 

Meriden,  Meriden  Grain  and  Feed 
Co 

12141 
12907 
11582 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

"                Abner  Hendee 

Norwich,  Norwich  Grain  and  Feed 
Co 

11352 
11587 

Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall. 

Willimantic,  H.  A.  Bugbee.. 

Average  of  the    above  6  analyses 

of  H-0  Dairy  Feed -. 

Average  of  20  recent  analyses 

Highest - 

Lowest - 

ANALYSES    OF    COMMERCIAL    FEEDS. 

Sampled  in  i8gg. 


37 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 
Starch,  gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

12820 

6.36 

5-6o 

7.25 

23.28 

54-34 

3-17 



1 1400 
12083 

9-35 
8.26 

5-23 
512 

8.94 

7.88 

21.80 
20.55 

52.03 
55-14 

2.65        \ 
3-05        1 

$19.00 
19.00 

I2II4 
12IO7 
I2IOO 
1 1 606 
12903 
I2I97 

7.24 

6.74 
6.20 

B.51 
6.67 

9-03 

5-77 
5-93 
5-77 
5-78 
4.71 
4.19 

8.75 
6.44 
7.06 
6.87 
11.25 

4-37 

21.88 
26.64 
24.88 
27.19 
20.22 
28.11 

53-50 

51-59 
53-30 
49.18 
54-38 
52.81 

2.86 
2.66 
2.79 
2.47 
2.77 
1.49 

16.00 
19.00 
16.00 

15.00 
15.00 

I2I9O 

7.80 

7.48 

5-12 

28.53 

49.17 

1.60 

7.00 

1 209 1 
11561 

9-33 
9.60 

4.46 
4.48 

12.50 
II. 31 

11-33 
13-15 

57-71 
■      56-85 

4.67 
4.61 

20.00 
21.00 

II366 

8.26 

4.89 

13-19 

16.12 

53-74 

3.80 

18.00 

1 1 563 

9-50 

5-27 

11.31 

18.47 

51-94 

3-51 

19.00 

1 1390 

7.86 

4.92 

13-75 

17-39 

52-34 

3-74 

19.00 

I2134 

8.02 

5-30 

11.69 

15-66 

54.98 

4-35 

17.00 

"579 

7-94 

4-63 

14.12 

16.62 

52-73 

3-96 

18.00 

8.31 

5.00 

12.81 

16.85 

53-16 

3-87 

12094 

9-33 

4.46 

12.50 

11-33 

57-71 

4-67 

20.00 

11595 

9.56 

2.95 

13.62 
17-5 
19-5 

7.20 

60.49 

6.18 

5-5 
6.0 

24.00 





15-0 



4-7 

1 1363 
12141 
12907 

9.00 
9.67 

7-57 

2.82 
4-50 
3-47 

17-31 
20.32 

18.75 

!       13-T5 

12.46 

i       13-10 

53-72 
48.88 
53-42 

4.00 
4.17 
3-69 

22.00 
19.00 
21.00 

11582 
"352 
11587 

8.59 
8.80 

9-31 

3-51 
4-45 
4.21 

18.69 
18.87 
17.62 

13-40 
12.1S 
15-27 

51-94 

1         51-47 

49-79 

3-87 

4-23 

'         3.80 

21.00 
22.00 
21.00 

8.82 

3-83 

18.59 
19.0 
21.2 

13.26 

I'!! 

3-96 
4.4 

5-4 





15-5 

1 



— 

3-7 

38         CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATION,    BULLETIN    I30. 

Table  II. —  Continued.     Analyses  of  Commercial    Feeds.     (,^^) 


Station 
No. 


I2IIO 

"399 
II362 

12139 
I2145 
12897 
II580 

II351 
lit 


Name  of  Feed. 


H-0  Horse  Feed. 


12191 

I2£ 

11353 


12072 
12157 
12130 
12146 
12905 

12261 

12078 

12135 
12188 


12198 


H-O  Poultry  Food. 


Rye  Bran. 


Rye  Feed 

Malt  Hulls 

Schumacher's  Starch 
Feed 


Manufacturer  or  Jobber. 


H-0  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


H-O  Co.,  Buffalo. 


Glen  Cove  Starch  Feed 
Blatchford's  Calf  Meal. 

Pioneer  Clover  Meal  .. 


Carob  Bean. 


i2i99jCarob  Bean  (Seeds). 
Carob  Bean  (Hulls). 


"358 
14013 

12896 


Animal  Meal 
Poultry  Food 

Beef  Scraps.. 


H.  C.  Edwards,  Chicago. 

American  Cereal  Co 

Nat'l  Starch  Mfg.  Co 


J.  W.  Barvvell,  Waukegan, 
111 


The  Bennett&  Millett  Co., 
Gouverneur,  N.  Y. 


Retail  Dealer. 


Bristol,  Geo.  Eaton 

Hartford,  Daniels  Mill  Co 

Meriden,  Meriden  Grain  and  Feed 

Co. 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

"  Abner   Hendee 

Norwich,  Norwich  Grain  Co 

Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall... 

Willimantic,  H.  A.  Bugbee 

Average   of  the   above  9  analyses 

of  H-0  Horse  Feed 

Average  18  recent  analyses 

Highest 

Lowest 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

"  Abner  Hendee 

Wallingford,  E.  E.  Hall 

Average   of  the  above  3  analyses 

of  H-O  Poultry  Feed 

Average  of  14  recent  analyses 

Highest - 

Lowest '. 

Hartford,  C.  A.  Pease  &  Co. 

New  Haven,  J.  T.  Benham 

R.  G.  Davis 

"  Abner  Hendee 


West  Cornwall,   T.  S.  Gold* 


Hartford,  Cummings&  Garvin 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis _ 

New  Haven,  R.  G.  Davis 


BowkerFertz.  Co.,  Boston 

J.    Lederer    &    Co.,    New 

Haven 


Meriden,  S.  A.  Billings 


New  Haven,  Abner  Hendee. 


*  Not  a  dealer. 


analyses  of  commercial  ,  feeds. 
Sampled  in  1899. 


39 


Analyses. 

Station  No. 

Water. 

Ash. 

Protein. 

Fiber. 

Nitrogen-Free 

Extract. 

^Starcli.gum,  etc.) 

Ether 
Extract. 

Price 
per  ton. 

I2IIO 

"399 

9.21 
10.28 

3-23 
3-64 

12.07 
13-25 

10.34 
10.19 

61.04 
58.59 

4.II 
4-05 

$22.00 

11362 
12139 

12145 
12897 
11580 

"351 
11588 

10.38 
9.92 

10.51 
8.02 

10.35 

10.29 
10.40 

1-95 
3-17 
2.98 
3-28 
.      2.91 
2.78 
3-47 

12.87 
II. T3 
11.63 
13.12 
12.62 
12.50 
12.06 

9.10 
10.68 
10.43 

8-79 

9-51 

9-95 

11.63 

61.80 
60.88 
59-98 
62.74 
60.58 
60.17 
58.64 

3-90 
4.22 

4-47 
4-05 
4-03 
4-31 
3-80 

22.00 
21.00 
24.00 
21.00 
21.00 
22.00 
21.00 

9-93 

3-05 

12.36 
12.4 

10.07 

60.49 

4.10 
4.2 



I3-S 





4.8 

---- 

---- 

II  0 



3-6 

12191 

12698 
"353 

S.91 

8.00 

10.80 

2.63 
3.01 
2.32 

17.12 

17-75 
15.00 

4.87 
4.91 
2.86 

60.46 
60.66 
64-35 

6.01 
5.67 
4.67 

30.00 
33.00 
26.00 

9-23 

2.65 

16.62 

17-5 

19-5 

4.21 

61.84 

5-45 
5-5 
6.0 





I5-0 



4-7 

12072 
12157 
12130 
12146 
12905 

"•75 
12.45 
12.17 
12.54 

8.67 

3-69 
3.00 

3-03 
3.02 

3-44 

14.81 
14-50 
14-25 
14.69 
14.50 

2-97 
3-15 
2.92 
3.01 
2.70 

63-95 
64.18 
64-74 
63.90 
68.08 

2.83 
2.72 
2.88 
2.84 
2.6x 

20.00 
18.50 
18.00 
19.00 
22.00 

12261 

7-73 

6.14 

10.44 

22.77 

51-76 

1. 16 

12. oof 

12078 

932 

4.82 

12.69 

9.78 

58.84 

4-55 

21.00 

12135 

11.20 

0.54 

21.13 

3-15 

60.73 

3-25 

19.00 

12188 

8.93 

5.46 

24-75 

5.06 

51. II 

4.69 

70.00 

12189 

8.36 

6.76 

9-50 

28. 28 

44-68 

2.42 

40.00 

12198 
12199 
12200 

14-05 
12.84 
14-15 

3.26 
3-27 
3-25 

5-57 

15.00 

4.81 

4.98 
7.16 
4.80 

71.80 
59-90 
72-77 

0.34 
1.83 
0.22 



"358 

6.20 

41-43 

36-94 



4.18 

11-25 

40.00 

14013 
12896 

7.48 
7.64 

21.10 
17.90 

51.12 
49.12 

2.01 

3-79 

2.21 
5-29 

16.08 
16.26 

36.00:]: 
35.00 

f  Car  load  lots  delivered. 


X  Wholesale  price. 


40        CONNECTICUT    EXPERIMENT    STATIOJf,    BULLETIN    I30. 


Summary. 

No  cases  of  actual  adulteration  have  been  found  amSng  the 
samples  examined. 

A  considerable  number  of  these  "feeds,"  notably  most  of  the 
so-called  "oat-feeds,"  are  however  of  such  inferior  quality  that 
they  cannot  be  used  to  any  profit. 

It  appears  that  the  three  most  concentrated  feeds,  the  three 
which,  pound  for  pound,  will  go  further  in  "balancing"  or 
piecing  out  the  ration  made  from  home-grown  feed,  viz :  cotton 
seed,  linseed  and  Atlantic  gluten  meal,  are  the  most  costly. 
This  is  as  it  should  be.  Yet  of  these,  the  one  which  contains 
the  most  protein,  "Atlantic  gluten  meal,"  is  the  cheapest.  It 
does  not  follow  that  it  should  be  bought  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
others.  Linseed  meal,  though  a  very  expensive  feed,  is  greatly 
relished  by  cattle,  flavors  the  food  and  is  generally  regarded  as 
an  excellent  thing  to  keep  cows   "in  condition." 

But  evidently  the  wise  feeder  will  endeavor  to  use  the  cheaper 
forms  of  protein,  as  far  as  possible. 

An  examination  of  the  prices  and  analyses  of  the  feeds  given 
in  the  table  also  shows  that  the  market  prices  bear  very  little 
if  any  relation  to  their  feeding  value.  That  is,  "feed"  costs 
from  $17.00  to  $20.00  per  ton  at  retail,  whether  it  is  concen- 
trated, rich  in  protein,  and  well  suited  to  supplement  the  home- 
grown feed,  or  whether  it  is  a  starchy  food  and  of  much  less 
value  in  compounding  suitable  cattle  rations.  In  this  condi- 
tion of  the  market,  special  care  in  the  purchase  of  feeds  and 
some  knowledge  of  their  chemical  composition  will  be  found 
highly  advantageous  in  keeping  the  cost  of  milk  production 
down  to  a  point  which  will  admit  of  profit  in  the  business. 


University  of 
Connecticut 

Libraries 


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